Lecture Exam 3

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

Epiphysis of the bone.

A

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

Area where yellow marrow is found.

D

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

Compact bone.

C

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:

Location of the epiphyseal line.

B

Using Figure 8.1, match the following:

Fibrous layer.

d

Using Figure 8.1, match the following:

Synovial membrane.

e

Using Figure 8.1, match the following:

Articular cartilage.

c

Using Figure 8.1, match the following:

Periosteum.

a

Using Figure 8.1, match the following:

Joint (articular) cavity.

b

Using Figure 8.2, what type of axial movement does each joint have?

1. Multiaxial

2. Uniaxial

3. Uniaxial

4. Nonaxial

5. Biaxial

6. Biaxial

Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.

1. Ball and socket

2. Pivot

3. Hinge

4. Plane

5. Saddle

6. Condyloid

The lacunae of osseous tissue contain

1. bone marrow.

2. capillaries.

3. blood cells.

4. chondroblasts.

5. osteocytes.

5. osteocytes.

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

1. ulna

2. metatarsal

3. patella

4. vertebra

5. frontal

4. vertebra

The location where two bones meet is called a joint, or an

1. articulation.

2. appendix.

3. adduction.

4. insertion.

5. amphiarthrosis.

1. articulation.

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

1. fat

2. elastic tissue

3. Sharpey's fibers

4. blood-forming cells

1. fat

An immovable joint is a(n)

1. syndesmosis.

2. diarthrosis.

3. amphiarthrosis.

4. synarthrosis.

5. symphysis.

4. synarthrosis.

Wolff's law is concerned with ________.

1. vertical growth of bones being dependent on age

2. the function of bone being dependent on shape

3. the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

4. the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts

3. the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

A freely movable joint is a(n)

1. symphysis.

2. diarthrosis.

3. synarthrosis.

4. syndesmosis.

5. amphiarthrosis.

2. diarthrosis.

The structural unit of spongy is called ________.

1. trabeculae

2. osseous lamellae

3. osteons

4. lamellar bone

1. trabeculae

Through the action of osteoclasts,

1. fractured bones regenerate.

2. bony matrix is dissolved.

3. new bone is formed.

4. an organic framework is formed.

5. osteoid is calcified.

2. bony matrix is dissolved.

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

1. canaliculi.

2. lacunae.

3. osteocytes.

4. lamellae.

5. osteons.

5. osteons.

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

1. diarthrosis.

2. synostosis.

3. amphiarthrosis.

4. synarthrosis.

5. gomphosis.

3. amphiarthrosis.

The term diploë refers to the ________.

1. double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone

2. fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissue

3. two types of marrow found within most bones

4. internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

4. internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

An epiphyseal line is an example of a

1. syndesmosis.

2. synostosis.

3. symphysis.

4. gomphosis.

5. synchondrosis.

2. synostosis.

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

1. synarthrosis.

2. symphysis.

3. diarthrosis.

4. syndesmosis.

5. amphiarthrosis.

3. diarthrosis.

The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones.

1. flat

2. short

3. sesamoid

4. long

5. irregular

2. short

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

1. interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

2. calcification of the matrix of the zone underlying articular cartilage

3. the secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity

4. differentiation of osteoclasts into osteocytes

1. interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.

1. perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

2. a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage

3. Volkmann's canals

4. the struts of bone known as spicules

1. perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

Osteogenesis is the process of ________.

1. bone destruction to liberate calcium

2. making a cartilage model of the fetal bone

3. bone formation

4. making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage

3. bone formation

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

1. fibrocartilage

2. elastic connective tissue

3. hyaline cartilage

4. dense fibrous connective tissue

3. hyaline cartilage

A rib is an example of a ________ bone.

1. flat

2. long

3. sesamoid

4. short

5. sutural

1. flat

Bones that develop within tendons are called ________ bones.

1. Wormian

2. tendon

3. irregular

4. sutural

5. sesamoid

5. sesamoid

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ________.

1. blood vessels and nerve fibers

2. cartilage and interstitial lamellae

3. yellow marrow and spicules

4. adipose tissue and nerve fibers

1. blood vessels and nerve fibers

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

1. osteoclast

2. osteoblast

3. chondrocyte

4. osteocyte

2. osteoblast

A suture is an example of a(n)

1. symphysis.

2. synarthrosis.

3. diarthrosis.

4. syndesmosis.

5. amphiarthrosis.

2. synarthrosis.

Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)

1. synostosis.

2. synchondrosis.

3. amphiarthrosis.

4. gomphosis.

5. syndesmosis.

4. gomphosis.

Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

1. thyroid hormone

2. parathyroid hormone

3. calcium

4. growth hormone

4. growth hormone

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________.

1. marrow and osteons

2. osteoblasts and osteoclasts

3. cartilage and compact bone

4. chondrocytes and osteocytes

2. osteoblasts and osteoclasts

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

1. long bones have reached their adult length.

2. the bone becomes more brittle.

3. interstitial bone growth begins.

4. puberty begins.

5. appositional bone growth begins.

1. long bones have reached their adult length.

The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________.

1. epiphyseal plate closure

2. concentric growth

3. appositional growth

4. closing of the epiphyseal plate

3. appositional growth