Module 4: Carbonyl Group

Has a general structure of R-CHO

Aldehyde

Attached to a Carbon with a Carbonyl (C=O) bond

Aldehyde

Special feature of aldehyde

It has Hydrogen

General structure R-CO-R

Ketone

Special feature of Ketone

Alkyl, alkane, or any Carbon-containing group

Has a general structure of R-COOH

Carboxylic acid

Special feature of Caroxylic acid

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Hydroxyl (-OH) group

Carboxylic acid derivates

Ester, Anhydride, Amide

Similarities of Ester, anhydride, & amide

Carbonyl

The study of aldehydes and ketones help in the discussion of _______ since sugars contain either an aldehyde or ketone group.

Carbohydrates

The most common simple sugar in the body that is an aldehyde that has also several -OH groups.

Glucose

Name the structure

D-glucose

Are the most important organic compounds that show appreciable acidity.

Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group (-COOH), attached to either an alkyl group or ____ group (Ar-COOH)

Aryl

True or False

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Carboxylic acids are very polar compounds.

True

True or False

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Carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with other polar compounds like water.

True

Other term for Aryl groups

Aromatic groups

Derivatives of carboxylic acids that are NOT FOUND IN NATURE because of their reactivity

Acid chlorides & acid anhydrides

Names by identifying ***-ic*** (acid) to ***-yl*** (chloride) or the carboxylic acid ending with the carbonyl.

Acid chlorides

Has a general structure R-OCCl

Acid chlorides

Has a general structure R-CO-O-CO-R

Anhydride

Has a general structure R-COOR

Ester

Has a general structure R-CO-NH2

Amide

Hs a functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) linked to a nitrogen atom (N) or any organic compound derived by the replacement of a hydroxyl group by an amino group.

Amide

The most stable of all the carbonyl functional groups.

Amide

Compounds in whicha hydrogen atom in nitrogen ftom ammonia or an amine is replaced by a metal cation are also known as amides or ________

Azanides

NH2- formula

Azanides

NH3 formula

Ammonia

NH4 formula

Ammonium

Organic compounds that have sweet, fragrant aromas and occur in flowers and fruits

Ester

True or False

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Esters with high molecular weighs are solids. They do not vaporize readily; hence they are not pleasant-smelling.

True

Polyesters (synthetic fabrics) are substances with repeating ester groups and have very **low** molecular weights.

False - Low = High

The most abundant esters in our body

Triglycerides

Solid triglycerides from humans/animals are called

Fats

Liquid triglycerides from plants are called

Oils

True or False

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Aldehydes are compounds that have only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbonyl group.

True

True or False

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Carboxylic acid, ester, and amide are compounds that contain a **electropositive** atom bonded to the carbonyl group.

False - positive = electronegative

True or False

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Electronegative atoms are commonly **oxygen and nitrogen**

True

True or False

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The carbonyl carbon atom is **trigonal planar**, with angles of **130°**

False - 130° should be 120°

True or False

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Carbonyl carbon atoms are sp² hybridize

True

True or False

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O is more electronegative than C, so the carbonyl group is **non-polar**.

False - non-polar = polar

True or False

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The carbonyl O is e- **poor** and the carbonyl is C e- **rich**

False - O is e- rich, C is e- poor

True or False

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In acetaldehyde, C is **doubly bonded to O** and is **singly bonded to H**

True

For acetone, C is **singly** bonded to 2 C's and **doubly** bonded to O

True