an aspect of speech acts where the speech itself & the manner it is delivered.
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perlocutionary act
an aspect of speech acts where The possible responses to illocutionary acts with more-than-one outcomes.
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illocutionary act
an aspect of speech acts where The action being done as the speech is being delivered.
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constative
Making something true by saying it
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performative
Doing something while saying it
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assertives
The speaker's assertion of the truth (i.e. I certify; I swear, etc.)
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directives
The speaker's intention to make the listener do his bidding (i.e. do this, don't do that, etc.)
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commissives
The speaker's commitment to doing future actions (i.e. I promise, I will, I shall, etc.)
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expressives
The speaker's actual feeling being verbalized (i.e., I am sorry, thank you, I'm depressed, etc.)
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declaratives
The speaker's ability to make something true just by saying it (i.e., You are the winner, I christen you Paulino, etc.)
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speech context
An approach in communication
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audience
a factor that means Age, preference, inclinations, orientation, connotations, etc.
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setting
a factor that means Determines the register to be used.
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purpose
a factor that means To inform, to express, to persuade, to entertain.
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speech style
The manner by which speeches are delivered.
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intimate
a style of speech style Between people with close personal relationship; less focus on language structure due to familiarity.
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casual
a style of speech style Between people with friendly relationship; frequent use of slang and elided statements; common understanding.
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consultative
a style of speech style Between strangers or first acquaintances; focus on verbal/nonverbal cues in order to establish connection; attempt to be clear.
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formal
a style of speech style Between individuals with an official agenda; speech is planned in advance; background is always provided voluntarily.
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frozen
a style of speech style Among individuals participating in a highly formal event; without the intention to be clear; understanding is left for the audience to do.
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communicative competence
The ability of the speaker to know what to say and how to say it.
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Structural
an aspect of communicative competence Language proficiency in the proper use of grammar, use, and articulation.
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diction
The choice and use of correct and appropriate words and expressions.
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pronunciation
The way utterances are articulated and spoken out as intelligible words.
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syntax
The logical arrangement of words in sentences, and sentences in paragraphs, or utterances in a discourse.
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lexical
an aspect of communicative competence an aspect of communicative competence
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collocation
The correct word grouping or pairing.
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connotation
The suggestive meaning of words.
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clines
Varying levels of modification.
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pragmatic
Sensitivities to the different ways of communicating in various sociocultural contexts.
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gestures of politeness
Certain behaviors or practices that are specific to particular cultures.
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powerplay in language
The use of word choices to adjust tone.
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informal language
Specific expressions or words that are exclusive to certain groups of people
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communicative strategies
The ability to observe and maintain communicative competence by using techniques that prevent communication breakdown.
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preventive strategies
Techniques used to avoid incidences of misunderstanding.
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restriction
“Let us talk about”
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turn-taking
“Now, it’s time to listen to…”
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Topic shifting
“The next issue/topic is…”
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repair
“What I mean is…”
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termination
“To end…”
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reparative strategies
Techniques used to fix incidences of misunderstanding.
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clarification
“What’s that?” “Could you say that again?”
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repetition
Rhythmic builds
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rephrasing
“predisposed to inattentiveness” “easily distracted”
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affirming
“So, you mean to say…”
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supportive strategies
Paralinguistic techniques that make communication strategies more effective
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pitch
The highness or lowness of voice.
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volume
The loudness or softness of voice.
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rate
The no. of utterances per unit of time.
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pause
Stops before, during, and after utterances.
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juncture
Inter-syllabic transitions
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phrasing
Pauses between phrases and clauses.
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register
Appropriate word choices.
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tone
Use of paralinguistic cues to express emotion.
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intonation
The rising and falling of voice.
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oculesics
Eye contact.
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kinesics
Body language (i.e. facial expression, hand gesture, posture).
Studied by 11 people
