Chapter 12 (Mitosis)

cell division

reproduction of cells (dividing one cell into two) 

somatic cells are…

non reproductive

gametes are…

reproductive

somatic cells are like

blood cell

gametes are like

sperm, and eggs

haploid (n)

one copy of each chromosome

diploid (2n)

two copies of each chromosome

haploids (n) are in

gametes

diploids (2n) are in

somatic cells

cellular division happens in

mitosis or meiosis

every cell can go through

mitosis

what cells undergo meiosis

sperm, eggs

Histones

are proteins used to package DNA in eukaryotes

Nucleosomes

consist of DNA wound around several histone molecules

what are the two states of chromosomes

uncoiled chromatin, and coiled 

Chromatin

a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell  

sister chromatids contain

identical genes

centromere

a pinch that holds the waist together of the chromatids 

cell cycle is 

interphase →G1 Phase → S Phase → G2 Phase → mitotic (M) phase

What is interphase

cell growth and copying of chromosome in preparation for cell division

what is G1 Phase 

metabolic activity and growth 

What is S Phase 

Metabolic activity, growth and DNA synthesis 

What is G2 Phase

metabolic activity, growth, and preparation for cell division 

7 Stages of Mitosis

Interphase → Prophase → Prometaphase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis

kinetochore

are attached at the waist of the chromatids

cell cycle control system

regulating the cell for when it divides 

Cyclins

proteins whose levels fluctuate cyclically

Cyclin-dependent kinases

enzymes that activate or inactivate other

proteins by phosphorylating them

MPF (maturation-promoting factor)

is a cyclin-CDK complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint of M Phase

Anchorage dependence

to divide, cells must be attached to a substratum

Density-dependent inhibition

crowded cells will stop dividing