Analysis of Speech 2

Co-operative Overlapping

Someone talks over another in a supportive manner

Prosodic Elements

The way in which language is spoken such as volume, speed, intonation and stress.

Topic Management

The process by which the subject of the conversation is controlled

Tag Questions

A question added at the end of a sentence e.g. “you do understand, don’t you?”

Unco-operative overlapping

Someone talks over another in an attempt to regain the floor or to disagree with the speaker

Vocative

Used to address a speaker “Jim, what do you think?” “Tell me, Dame Blanche”

Idiolect

Language associated with a person

Implicature

The process by which we make sense of seemingly irrelevant answers to questions. e.g. “Where’s the post office? It’s sunday”

Incomplete Utterance

A speaker doent complete their utterance for different reason e.g. interruption

Opening and Closing sequences

The way in which conversations are began and finished e.g. “Anyway”

Phatic expressions

Utterances used to open the channels of communication e.g. “right then…”

The Politeness Principle

The idea we often seek to be polite when we talk

Discourse Marker

A phatic expression in the middle of a conversation indicationg a change in topic e.g. “anway, so”

Face

The self image the speaker seeks to project in any given conversation.

Grice’s Maxims

Notion that speakers co-operate

Convergance

The idea that when we speak/listen to others we seek to accomodate them so we change our language style

Divergance

Speaking differently to a person but not to accomadate