PLANT CELLS REVISION

What is the terminology for a cell that is the whole body of an organism?

Unicellular

What is the terminology for an organism where many cells work together to create it?

Multicellular

What type of cell is unicellular?

Prokaryotic

What type of cell is multicellular?

Eukaryotic

What are the three key basic structural features that all cells share in common?

Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, DNA

Where is the cytoplasm located?

Inside the cell membrane that surrounds everything inside the cell.

What is the structure of cytoplasm?

It is the jelly-like fluid.

What is the function of cytoplasm?

It helps provide structure to the cell and contains many dissolved nutrients and waste products.

What acts like the 'skin' of a cell, forming a barrier around it?

Cell membrane

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

It has many channels which molecules can leave and enter the cells.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It controls the entry and exit of things into and out of the cell.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What does DNA contain?

Instructions for every job your cells need to do and is passed from one generation to the next.

Where does the code for half of your DNA come from?

Your mother.

Where does the code for the other half of your DNA come from?

Your father.

Is the complete set of DNA found in only some cells or every cell?

Every one of your cells.

What is cellular respiration?

The process by which cells make energy from glucose.

What are the inputs in the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen.

What are the outputs in the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

What is the energy produced by cellular respiration used for in our bodies?

To help us move and grow.

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

C6H12O6

What is the chemical formula for oxygen gas?

6O2

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

6CO2

What is the chemical formula for water?

6H2O

What is the singular term for mitochondria?

Mitochondrion

Where are mitochondria located?

Inside the cytoplasm in the cell.

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Rod-shaped organelles with an inner and an outer membrane.

What are mitochondria known for?

Providing the cell with energy because most of cellular respiration occurs within it.

What chemical reaction occurs inside the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration.

What does this reaction involve?

The rearrangement of the atoms in glucose (from the food we eat) and oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide and energy.

What are the syllabus points to identify and learn for plant cells?

Different parts of a plant cell by recognising key organelles such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole, and plasma membrane, and understanding their roles in maintaining the cell's structure and function.

What are the syllabus points to describe for plant cells?

The functions of the organelles in a plant cell by explaining the roles of each part, such as the chloroplast for photosynthesis, the central vacuole for storage and maintaining cell turgidity, and the cell wall for providing structural support.

What are the syllabus points for drawing and labeling a plant cell?

Accurately sketching the structure of a plant cell, including its key components like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell wall, and labeling each part with its correct function.

What is one of the learning objectives for this lesson?

Write the word equation for photosynthesis.

What is another learning objective for this lesson?

Name and explain the function of chloroplasts, cell walls and the central vacuole in a plant cell.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Write the word equation for photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen + Energy.

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Where are chloroplasts found in plant cells?

In the cells of green parts of plants only (leaves and stems); they float in the cells cytoplasm.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are organelles that carry out photosynthesis, which makes the food plant cells need to live.

What form is the food plant cells make in?

Sugars.

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll in which photosynthesis occurs.

Why do plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Chloroplasts create food (sugars) for the cell from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight, while mitochondria use what the chloroplasts have made and convert it into a form of energy the cell can use.

Where is the cell wall located in a plant cell?

The outer covering of a plant cell, outside of the cell membrane.

What is the function of the plant cell wall?

It provides structure for the cell, support against tensile strength, and allows cells to develop turgor pressure.

What is tensile strength?

The maximum stress that a material can bear before breaking when it is allowed to be stretched or pulled.

Why is tensile strength important for plants?

It helps them withstand forces like wind.

What is turgor pressure?

The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.

Where is the central vacuole found?

A large vacuole found inside of plant cells.

Are large central vacuoles found in animal cells?

No, large central vacuoles are only found in plant cells.

What are the two main functions of the central vacuole in a plant cell?

It stores water and maintains turgor pressure in a plant cell.

How does the central vacuole help with photosynthesis?

It pushes the contents of the cell toward the cell membrane, which allows the plant cells to take in more light energy for making food through photosynthesis.

What is the structure of a vacuole?

A sphere filled with fluid and molecules inside a cell.