Nomenclature of Alkanes and the IUPAC System

Substituents

Substituents

________ with unbranched chains are named by replacing the- ane with- yl.

Infix

________: indicates the nature of the carbon- carbon bonds in the parent chain.

Prefix

________ that indicates the number of carbon atoms.

Suffix

________: indicates the class of the compound.

Alkyl group

________: a substituent group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.

parent chain

If there are different substituents in equivalent positions on opposite ends of the ________, give the substituent that comes first in the alphabet the lower number.

Prefix

________: indicates the number of carbon atoms in the parent chain.

parent chain

When there are two or more parent chains of equal length, choose the ________ with the greater number of constituents.

Give each substituent a number to indicate the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded

use a hyphen to connect the number to the name

Alkyl group

a substituent group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom

The name given to any compound with a chain of carbon atoms consists of 3 parts

prefix, infix, and suffix

Prefix

indicates the number of carbon atoms in the parent chain

Infix

indicates the nature of the carbon-carbon bonds in the parent chain

-an-

all single bonds

-en-

one or more double bonds

-yn-

one or more triple bonds

Suffix

indicates the class of the compound

-e

hydrocarbon

-ol

alcohol

-al

aldehyde

-one

ketone

-oic acid

carboxylic acid

Primary carbon

carbon bonded to one carbon

Secondary carbon

carbon bonded to 2 carbons

Tertiary carbon

carbon bonded to 3 carbons

Quaternary carbon

carbon bonded to 4 carbons

Primary hydrogen

hydrogen bonded to a primary carbon

Secondary hydrogen

hydrogen bonded to a secondary carbon

Tertiary hydrogen

hydrogen bonded to a tertiary carbon

Quaternary hydrogen

hydrogen bonded to a quaternary carbon