Cro

what are the true ribs

ribs 1-7

what are the false ribs

ribs 8-12

what are the floating ribs

11-12
no attachment

what are the three parts of the sternum

1.manubrium
2.body
3.xyphoid

what level is the jugular or manubrium notch

T2/T3

what level is the sternal angle

T4/T5

what level is the mid body

T7

what is the function of the boney thorax

-protection of the organs of the thorax
-aids respiration

what does the boney thorax consists of

-thoracic vertebrae
-sternum
-ribs
-costal cartilages

the manubrium and body of the sternum come together to make the

sternal angle T4-T5

what level is the xyphoid

T10

the thoracic inlet is located where

superior to the chest

the thoracic inlet allow what to pass through

nerves
vessels
viscera from neck

the thoracic outlet is approximately at the level of what

inferior portion of the chest and starts approximately from t10-t12

the thoracic outlet allows for to pass through

diaphragm
esophagus
aorta
IVC
vagus nerve
azygos vein

the top of the lung is called

apex

the bottom of the lung is called

base

the medial aspect of the lung is called

hilum

the medial angle of the lung is termed

cardiophrenic angle

the lateral angle of the lung is termed

costophrenic angle

what structure separates the lobes of the lungs

fissures

how many fissure are on the left side of the lungs

one

how many fissure are on the right side of the lungs

two

what is the purpose of the hilum

acts as a passage for the mainstream bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves to enter or leave the lungs

what is the membrane that surrounds the lungs

pleura

what is the membrane that touches the lungs

visceral pleura

what is the membrane that touched the chest wall

parietal pleura

the trachea bifurcated into what

right and left main bronchus

what level is the right and left bronchus

t5

which bronchus is horizontal

left main bronchus; because it is the fissure that separates the superior and inferior lobes

which bronchus is vertical

right main bronchus

what structure closes off or opens the trachea

epiglottis

what are the functioning units of the lungs

aveoli

exchanges gaseous exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

alveoli

what structure is NOT located with the mediastinum

lungs

what is located in the mediastinum

thymus gland
trachea
esophagus
lymph nodes
thoracic duct
heart and great vessels
various nerves

what is the purpose of the thymus gland

primary lymph organ responsible for the development off cellular immunity

where is the thymus gland

in the mediastinum on the base of the heart

the esophagus follow what structure

vertebral column, it is anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the trachea

what structure does the easohagus pass thru in the abdominal cavity

it passed through the diaphragm thru and opening called the esophageal hiatus and the vagus nerve

what is the purpose of the lymph vessels

to filter out interstitial fluid
bad particles and pollutants

what is the purpose of the lymph nodes

the nodes act as filters to catch any bad particle
cell
pollutants

what is the largest lymph vessels

thoracic duct

where does the thoracic duct dump in to

right subclavian

what is an inflamed lymph node called

buboes

what is the function of the heart

is hollow
four chamber muscular organ that receives venous blood and pumps venous to the lung and the pumps arteriole blood to the rest of the body

name the four chambers of the heart

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

where is the base of the heart

on the top

where is the apex of heart

on the bottom pointing toward the left lung

what is the name of the sac that protect the heart

pericardium

which layer of the heart touches the pericardium

epicardium

name the layers of the heart

inner=endocardium
middle=myocardium
outer=epicardium

thickest of portion of the heart

left ventricle

what Is the name of the structure that separates the heart atriums

intra-atrial septum

what structure separated the ventricles

intraventricular septum

the opening between the two atrium

patent foramen oval

what is the name of the muscle that anchor the tricuspid and bicuspid valve to the ventricles

papillary muscles

name the valves

-tricuspid
-pulmonary
-bicuspid
-aortic

where is the tricuspid valve located

between the right atrium and right ventricle

where is the pulmonary valve (semilunar) located

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located

between the left atrium and left ventricle AV valve

where is the aortic valve located

between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta (semilunar valve)

what are the great vessels of the heart

-SVC
-IVC
-aorta
-pulmonary arteries and veins

where does the SVC come from

the neck and the upper extremities

brings venous blood to the right atrium

SVC and IVC

where does the IVC come from

abdominal cavity and lower extremities

send arteriole blood to the rest of the body come from the left ventricle

aorta

Arties take blood ___________ from the heart

away

veins take blood ________ the heart

toward

where do the pulmonary veins dump into

the left atrium

the SVC is formed by which two veins

right and left brachiocephalic veins

the IVC is formed by which two veins

right and left common iliac veins

what does the IVC pass through

cavial hiatus

what is a PE

pulmonary embolism

where does the PE commonly come from

-begin in the lower extremities or pelvis
-moves up the leg and lodges into he pulmonary arteries or trunk
-this prevent blood form going to the lung to receive oxygen

what are the branches off of the aortic arch

-brachycephalic
-left common carotid artery
-left subclavian artery

what are the vessels that dump into the SVC

right and left brachycephalic veins

the heart muscle receives its blood supply from

right and left coronary arteries

window maker

LAD (left anterior descending)

how is venous blood from the heart returned back to the heart

cardia veins and coronary sinuses

what is the purpose of the azygos vein

collateral circulation of the IVC and SVC

what is the partner of the azygos vein

hemi azygos vein

where do the azygos vein dump back into

SVC

which side is the azygos vein

right

which side is the hemi azygos vein

left

what is the purpose of the intercostals

aid respiration
explained the chest elevate the ribs

what is the purpose of the diaphragm

chief muscle for inspiration

what structure hold the diaphragm into place

CRUS - a tendon that attach muscle to toe

what structure passes through the diaphragm

-aortic hiatus
-esophageal hiatus
-caval hiatus

trachea runs _____________ to the esophagus

anterior

What is the mediastinum?

space between the lungs

what shape is the thymus

triangle

where is the thymus located

superior portion of the mediastinum behind the manurbuim

the thymus gland is part of what system

lymphatic system

what is the thymus responsible for

immunity cells
hormones
mature
lymphocytes

when part of the stomach comes through the esophagus this its called

hiatal hernia

ATA

aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein

VP

vena cava inferior and phrenic nerve

aortic hiatus

ATA

cavial hitus

VP