Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion:
Mechanical - chewing, breaking down food
Chemical - enzymes in saliva breaking down food, stomach acid
If your patient was experiencing hematemesis, what would you expect to see?
Vomiting blood
What are the main functions of the large intestines?
Absorbing water and nutrient, eliminates waste, forms feces and stores it
Using medical term word parts, what does dysphagia translate to?
Pertaining to difficulty of swallowing
Which condition is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin production?
hyperglycemia
Two or more hormones can interact to affect the response of cells in a variety of ways. The most common types of interaction are as follows:
Permissive effect - the presence of one hormone enables another hormone to act.
synergistic effect - one hormone works together with another
Antagonistic effect - two hormones have opposing effects
Briefly compare/contrast the following:
Type 1 Diabetes - pancreas doesn’t make insulin (commonly autoimmune disorder, body attacking pancreas). Have to take insulin everyday
Type 2 Diabetes - producing not enough insulin to bind with sugars/intake of carbohydrates (overworked pancreas) (lifestyle changes)
Gestational Diabetes - diabetes during pregnancy
What is the specialty in the field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of endocrine system disorders? endocrinology
What is/are the function(s) of the urinary system?
Removing waste, maintains fluid balance, release hormones to blood pressure
What is the term for painful urination? dysuria
The primary functional unit of the kidney is the: nephron
Which organs make up the urinary system? Ureter, urethra, kidneys, bladder
Using medical terminology word parts, define the term "nephropathy." disease of the kidney
What is being removed in each of these terms?
Orchidectomy: one or more testes
Orchiectomy: one or more testes
Vasectomy: vas deferens
What is the term for the inflammation of the prostate gland? Prostatis
What does the term "oligospermia" refer to? Low sperm count, low production of sperm
The term "hydrocele" in the male reproductive system refers to: fluid filled sac around the testicle
What is being removed in each of these terms?
Hysterectomy: uterus
Mastectomy: breast
Oophorectomy: ovaries
Salpingectomy: fallopian tubes
The male gonads are called testes ; the female gonads are called ovaries.
Which of the following conditions involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus? endometriosis
What does the abbreviation PCOS mean? Polycystic ovary syndrome
What is hyperemesis gravida? Heavy vomiting during pregnancy
Identify the primary characteristics of each stage of labor.
First Stage: dilation of the cervix
Second Stage: delivery of the neonate
Third Stage: expulsion of placenta after birth
Arrange the four stages of human development in the correct chronological order:
Zygote, embryo, fetus, neonate
Using medical terminology word parts, what is the difference between a monozygotic pregnancy and a dizygotic pregnancy?
Monozygotic - only one egg fertilized, causing it to split
Dizygotic - Two eggs fertilized, which results in fraternal twins
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