Med Term Exam 4 Review

Mechanical Digestion

Involves physical processes like chewing and breaking down food.

Chemical Digestion

Involves enzymes and acids that break down food, such as those in saliva and stomach.

What is hematemesis?

Vomiting blood.

Functions of the large intestines

Absorb water and nutrients, eliminate waste, and form and store feces.

Dysphagia

Pertaining to difficulty of swallowing.

Hyperglycemia

Condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin production.

Permissive Effect

The presence of one hormone enables another hormone to act.

Synergistic Effect

One hormone works together with another hormone.

Antagonistic Effect

Two hormones have opposing effects.

Type 1 Diabetes

Pancreas doesn’t make insulin; often an autoimmune disorder requiring daily insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

Not producing enough insulin to manage sugar levels, often due to lifestyle factors.

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.

Endocrinology

The medical specialty focusing on the treatment of endocrine system disorders.

Functions of the urinary system

Removing waste, maintaining fluid balance, and releasing hormones to regulate blood pressure.

Term for painful urination.

Dysuria

The primary functional unit of the kidney.

Nephron

Urinary system organs

Ureter, urethra, kidneys, bladder.

Nephropathy

Disease of the kidney.

Orchidectomy

Surgical removal of one or more testes.

Orchiectomy

Surgical removal of one or more testes.

Vasectomy

Sealing and cutting of the vas deferens.

Term for the inflammation of the prostate gland.

prostatitis

Oligospermia

Condition characterized by low sperm count and production.

Hydrocele

Fluid filled sac around the testicle.

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus.

Mastectomy

Surgical removal of the breast.

Oophorectomy

Surgical removal of the ovaries.

Salpingectomy

Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes.

Testes

The male gonads.

Ovaries

The female gonads.

Endometriosis

Condition involving the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.

PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Heavy vomiting during pregnancy.

Stages of Labor - First Stage

Dilation of the cervix.

Stages of Labor - Second Stage

Delivery of the neonate.

Stages of Labor - Third Stage

Expulsion of the placenta after birth.

Chronological order of human development

Zygote, embryo, fetus, neonate.

Monozygotic Pregnancy

Results from one fertilized egg that splits.

Dizygotic Pregnancy

Results from two fertilized eggs, producing fraternal twins.