Mock 1

True or False. SPTA is related to tissue cooling?

False.

What system control do you adjust to equalize the difference in echo amplitude received from similar structures situated at different depths?

A. Dynamic Range or Compression
B. Rectification
C. TGC
D. Pulse Repetition Frequency
E. Rejection

TGC

Dynamic aperture improves what kind of resolution?

A. contrast resolution
B. none of the above
C. axial resolution
D. lateral resolution

Lateral resolution

Which probe would provide the best axial resolution to measure the thickness of a small structure?

A. 5 MHz linear array
B. 7 MHz linear array
C. 10 MHz linear array
D. 5 MHZ curved array
E. 5 MHz phased array

10 MHz linear array

To minimize the risk of bioeffects of ultrasound to the fetus, which imaging mode tradeoff would most be applicable?

A. use M-mode instead of pulse-wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate.
B. use color Doppler instead of power Doppler to image the umbilical cord
C. use pulsed-wave Doppler instead of power Doppler to evaluate the fetal heart.
D. Use harmonics instead of fundamental to image the fetal spine
E. all of the above

Use M-mode instead of pulsed-wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate

How many Hertz is 3 MHz?

A. 3,000
B. 3
C. 0.003
D. 3,000,000

3,000,000

Which of the following intensities is the most important for thermal bioeffects?

A. spatial peak, temporal peak
B. spatial average, pulse average
C. spatial peak, pulse average
D. spatial peak, temporal average

spatial peak, temporal average

Which transducer would provide the longest near-zone length?

A. 10 MHz, 6 mm diameter aperture
B. 10 MHz, 5 mm diameter aperture
C. 10 MHz, 4 mm diameter aperture
D. 10 MHz, 3 mm diameter aperture
E. 10 MHz, 2 mm diameter aperture

10 MHz, 6mm diameter aperture

You are using a 5 MHz, 40 mm linear array transducer to image a structure. What is the width of the image?

A. 120 mm
B. 60 mm
C. 20 mm
D. 40 mm

40 mm

A drop in intensity to one-quarter of its original value is?

-6 dB

______ intensity is the smallest intensity in bioeffects.

SATA

All of the following are true of demodulation EXCEPT:

A. the form of the electrical signal is altered
B. negative voltages ar eliminating
C. it is comprised of two steps: smoothing and enveloping
D. it is performed automatically

it is comprised of two steps: smoothing and enveloping

Every 10 dB mens that the intensity will?

increase ten times

A unit that displays Doppler and two dimensional imaging is called a _____.

A. 3D
B. pulse wave
C. color doppler
D. duplex scanner

duplex scanner

A sound wave, with an intensity of 50 W/cm², strikes a boundary and is totally reflected. What is the intensity reflection intensity?

A. 100%
B. 0%
C. 25 W/cm²
D. 50 W/cm²

50 W/cm²

A sonographer increases the line density from 1 line per degree of sector to 3 lines per degree of sector. What is the most likely consequence of this action?

A. the temporal resolution decreases
B. the imaging quality decreases
C. the frame rate increases
D. the temporal resolution increases

the temporal resolution decreases

What action below would be most in keeping with the ALARA principle while performing a diagnostic ultrasound examination?

A. Allow multiple students to scan an obstetric patient because the fetus us in a good position for imaging
B. Prolong the sonographic examination to make videos of the fetus for each family member.
C. Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image.
D. Maximize the acoustic output to brighten the overall image.
E. Extend the sonographic examination beyond the intended scope of the ex am requisition

complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image.

A reduction of intensity to one-half of its original value is?

-3 dB

Which of these media have the greatest attenuation and the fastest speed?

A. bone
B. lung
C. fat
D. lung

bone

A 3 MHz sound beam travels 7 cm in a medium. The total attenuation is 5 dB. How much attenuation will a 6 MHz sound beam undergo when traveling 3.5 cm in the same medium?

5 dB

Which of the following best describe the sound beam of an annular phased array transducer?

A. electronically steered and mechanically focused
B. mechanically steered and focused
C. electronically steered and focused
D. mechanically steered and electronically focused

mechanically steered and electronically focused

Frame rate is limited by TWO factors:

A. the speed of the sound in the medium but not the depth of view
B. the speed of sound in the medium and the depth of view
C. the speed of sound in the medium but not the field of view
D. but these factors do not include the speed of sound in the medium nor the depth of view

the speed of sound in the medium and the depth of view

Which of these media have the greatest attenuation and the slowest speed?

air

True or False. Grating lobes are created by Arrays.

True

The intensity transmission coefficient of sound is 99.9%. What percentage of sound is reflected back to the transducer?

0.1%

What type of transducer could you choose to produce a beam that is symmetric about the beam axis?

A. annular array
B. linear sequenced array
C. phased array
D. curved array
E. tightly curved array

annular array

Which of the following components is the dominant contributor to attenuation?

absorption

The assumption that reflections arise from the beam’s main axis is violated is referred as?

A. more than one answer applies
B. weaker signals lateral to the focal point
C. weaker signal towards the focal point
D. lobe artifact

lobe artifacts

The firing delay patterns of a linear phased array transducer ______.

A. focus the beam during transmission
B. improve axial resolution
C. focus the beam during reception
D. improve temporal resolution

focus the beam during transmission

You are performing a sonographic exam with a wide-bandwidth transducer. The advantage you obtain with this transducer compared to a narrow-band transducer is:

A. Decreased acoustic power output
B. Improved axial resolution
C. Improved focusing
D. Improved lateral resolution

improved axial resolution

Which of the following mathematically describes the physic of refraction?

Snell’s Law

Thee power of a system is at 100% and this is 0 dB. Thee system is changed to -6 dB. What is the system’s power?

25%

With absorption, acoustic energy is converted to:

A. heat
B. potential energy
C. microbubbles
D. kinetic energy

Heat

What is the log 100?

log of 100 is 2

While performing a Doppler ultrasound, you adjust the pulse repetition to 12 kHz. This can also be expressed as:

A. 0.12 Hz
B. 1200 Hz
C. 1.2 MHz
D. 12,000 Hz
E. 120 MHz

12,000 Hz

An interaction of echoes that leads to reinforcement rather than to partial or total cancellation is known as:

A. autocorrelation
B. rarefaction
C. destructive interference
D. contructive interference

constructive interference

A 3 MHz sound beam travels through two media. It attenuates 5 dB in medium A and 6 dB in medium B. What is the total attenuation that the sound beam undergoes as it travels through both media?

11 dB

All of the following are characterize of contrast agents EXECPT:

A. small enough to the flow thru capillaries
B. cost effective
C. metabolically inert
D. highly reflectively

cost effective

What system control can you adjust to compensate for the effect of sound attenuation in the body?

A. dynamic range
B. TGC
C. transmit power
D. overall receiver gain

TGC

Which of the following multiple choice below are a fundamental limitation of temporal resolution.

A. speed
B. Hz
C. line density
D. pulses

speed

What is idenitified as a form of electronic slope, electronic focusing?

A. dynamic aperture
B. more than one answer applies
C. changing the aperture
D. variable aperture

more than one answer applies

In sound wave propagation, a region of elevated pressure is termed:

A. period
B. rarefaction
C.demodulation
D. compression

compression

A general observation about media in diagnostic sonography, sound propagates faster in material with greater:

A. compressibility
B. acoustic impedance
C. stiffness
D. RI

stiffness

Snell’s Law describes:

A. the angle of sound reflection at an interface with oblique incidence and non-specular reflection
B. the amount of backscatter from a diffuse reflector
C. the percentage of reflection at an interface with normal incidence and different densities
D. the angle of sound transmission at an interface between media having different propagation

the angle of sound transmission at an interface between media having different propagation speeds

-10 dB means that the intensity is reduced to _____ of it original value.

one-tenth

Which of the following statements is correct regarding intensities.

SPTP is the highest intensity, and SATA is the lowest intensity

True or False. Mechanical scanning produces scan lines that separate or diverge with greater depth.

True

Which prefix equals 10^-3

milli

What happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus increases?

A. slower
B. no change
C. increase the time
D. faster

faster

Electronic noise reduced in the ultrasound system by this method:

A. Demodulation
B. Compensation
C. Rectification
D. Amplification
E. Rejection

rejection

Name the three components of attenuation.

Absorption, reflection, and scattering

Which of the following waves will have the shortest wavelength?

high frequency traveling in a slow medium

True or False.. Side lobes are not created by Mechanical or single crystal transducers.

False..

What potential bioeffect occurs through absorption of sound energy by tissue?

A. Cavitation
B. Heating
C. Attenuation
D. Reflection
E. Refraction

heating

If the frequency of sound is doubled, what happens to the wavelength?

wavelength is halved

Which of the following human tissues has the highest rate of attenuation of an ultrasound wave?

A. fat
B. muscle
C. blood
D. bone

fat

The mass you are imaging has a diameter 35mm. This value can also can be expressed as:

A. 3.5 mm
B. 350 cm
C. 35 mm
D. 3.5 cm

3.5cm

True or False. SPTA is related to tissue heating?

True

When a crystal of a mechanical transducer becomes defective the image is affected by?

image loss

Which of the following does not apply as a key word relating to intensity.

uniformly

A sound wave strikes a boundary between two media with different impedances. The angle of incidence is non-orthgonal. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a) all sound will be reflected
b) some of the sound will be reflected
c) some of the sound may be reflected
d) some of the sound will be refracted
e) some of the sound may be refracted

some of the sound may be reflected

The term for a transducer that has an array of rectangular elements arranged in a straight line is:

linear array

What system control determines that amount of amplification that occurs in the receiver?

A. gain
B. acoustic power output
C. dynamic range
D. rectification

gain

What term below describes the rate at which the transmitter applies electronic voltage pulses to the transducer?

A. apodization
B. pulse repetition period
C. depth gain compensation
D. demodulation

pulse repetition period

A sonographer adjusts an image to change the sector size from 90 to 45 degrees. Nothing else changes. The frame rate is _____?

A. halved
B. doubled
C. decreased by a factor of 4
D. unchanged

doubled

What is the purpose of the gel coupling between the transducer and the skin?

To provide a medium for sound transmission, since ultrasound does not propagate through air

The intensity transmission coefficient at the interface between two structures equals 1/100. What is the intensity refraction coefficient?

99/100

Which of the following characteristics will create the fastest speed of sound?

A. high density, high stiffness

B. low density, high stiffness
C. high density, low stiffness
D. low density, low stiffness

low density, high stiffness

______ intensity is the greatest intensity in bioeffects.

SPTP

An ultrasound system operating at 100% power and the power setting is 0 dB. What would the power setting be when the system is operating at 10% power?

-10 dB

When a Linear Switched also known as Sequential Array transducers has a defective crystal, it creates a dropout from ______.

top to bottom in a straight line

Wavelength depends on what two factors?

A. amplitude and propagation speed
B. frequency and amplitude
C. frequency and propagation speed
D. period frequency

frequency and propagation speed

Which of the following transducers create a rectangular image shape?

Linear array

True or False. These intensities describe the same wave in different ways. See below.

1. SPTP

2. SATP

3. SPTA

4. SATA

True

Which of the following is an example of Rayleigh scatter?

red blood cells

Which of the following terms does not belong with the others?

oblique

During performance of an obstetric ultrasound exam, you adjust the system parameters to improve the image. Which of the following parameters would increase acoustic exposure?

A. increase frame averaging
B. increase receiver gain
C. increase TGC
D. increase transmit power

increase transmit power

If the intensity remains the same while the power is doubled, what happens to the beam area?

doubled

With dynamic frequency tuning, what signals are used to create images of deep structures?

A. high amplitude
B. low amplitude
C. high frequency
D. low frequency

low frequency

The algebraic summation of waves leading to pattern of minima and maxima is called:

A. absorption
B. refraction
C. interference
D. scattering

interference

Which of the following would have the deepest delay on a TGC curve?

A. 4 MHz continuous wave transducer
B. 2 MHz annular phased array transducer
C. 3 MHz mechanical scanner
D. 5 MHz linear phased array transducer

2 MHz annular phased array transducer

Dynamic aperture improves lateral resolution at _____ range of depths.

A. wide
B. narrow
C. minimal
D. few

wide

______ intensity is the relevant intensity with respect to tissue heating.

SPTA

Which of the following transducers produce a flat top image shape?

vector array

Which of the following terms best describes a reflection arising from a rough boundary?

non-specular

What is the log of 1000?

log of 1,000 is 3

Every 3 dB means that the intensity will?

double

Peak and Average are two of the five key words used to describe the intensities of the same wave in different ways. Which of the following statements below is correct?

peak is greater than average

What sound parameter is determined only by the medium?

propagation speed

When you switch from a 2.5 MHz to a 5.0 MHz transducer, the sound wavelength:

A. quadruples
B. doubles
C. quarters
D. halves

halves

What system control should you adjust to compensate for sound attenuation with increasing depth?

A. dynamic range
B. TGC
C. transmit power
D. overall receiver gain

TGC

True or False. The firing pattern that steers a beam up or down solely relates to the electronic slope.

True

An example of a specular reflector is:

A. liver parenchyma
B. red blood cells
C. hematoma
D. pericardium

pericardium

A sound wave strikes a boundary at normal incidence. The impedance of the two media are identical. What percentage of the sound wave is refracted?

A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 100%
D. 0%

0%

You are imaging a structure containing two media having the same acoustic impedance. What will occur at the boundary of the two structures?

A: All of the sound will be transmitted.
B: All of the sound will be reflected.
C: Some of the sound will be refracted.
D: Some of the sound will be reflected and some of the sound will be transmitted.
E: Most of the sound will be absorbed at the media boundary.

all of the sound will be transmitted

Relative measurement of intensity based on logarithmic scale is expressed in:

decibels

How many millimeters are contained in a jar filled with 5 liters of fluid?

5,000

Which of the following is most important in determining the frame rate of a system?

A. speed of sound in the medium
B. transmittere output
C. dynamic range of the receiver
D. frequency of the transducer

speed of sound in the medium

A 3 MHz sound beam travels 10 cm, 6 cm in medium A and 4 cm in medium B. The total attenuation is 14 dB. If the sound beam attenuated 4 dB in medium A, then how much attenuation occurred in medium B?

10 dB

While imaging a cyst, you notice shadowing posterior to each lateral border of the cyst. What is the source of the shadows?

A. increased attenuation of the sound beam at the border of the cyst
B. redirection of the sound beam at interface with different propagation speeds and a curved surface
C. bending of the sound beam due to different media propagation speeds
D. diffraction of the sound beam resulting in a weakened signal at the lateral borders of the cyst

bending of the sound beam due to different media propagation speeds