Intermediary action referring to the practices of all the who intervene as popular music is produced, distributed and consumed
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Hegemony
The predominant influence of a political or cultural force over another
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Counter-hegemony
resisting the influences of a political or cultural force that has hegemony
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Thomas Edison
Made phonograph, wax cylinders, and tinfoil phonographs. Installed in talking dolls at first, eventually made Edison records
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Emile Berliner
Made flat disc in 1901, can hold 3 minutes of music. Founder of Victor talking machine company
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First three record labels
The Edison Company (Thomas Edison), Columbia Records (Edward Easton), Victor Talking Machine Company(Emile Berliner)
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Coin-operated jukebox machines
* First installed in Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco, 1889 * Became popular and made its way to urban public places * military marches and vaudeville tunes * hymn
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Phonograph at home
Improved on sound appearance and genres, liker furniture. Bring music into your home, advertised as literally bringing stars into homes from 1900s and today
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Minstrelsy
Blackface, making fun of black people's culture. First American musical and theatrical entertainment (most popular).
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Jim Crow
Song and character created by Thomas Dartmouth Rice. Morphed into gross stereotypes(black people are lazy, goofy, dimwitted, untrustworthy and threatening).
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Okeh Records
Indie label in NYC. Had the first black blues vocalist (Mamie Smith) and first commercially successful "hillbilly" recording. However, the company got boycott threats and both genres were discriminated against, major labels refused to work with them. Eventually was sold to Columbia records
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Subvert
undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution)
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Narrative
The art of practice of narration; the representation in art of an event or story
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Top 40
* Todd Storz and Jukeboxes * same hits in frequent rotation * Ads, Jingles, promotions, rapid-fire pattern
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Alan Freed
Promoted himself as a bringer of black music to white youth. Youth became known as teenagers DJ of te Moondog show. Called R&B rock n roll, making it somewhat safer to listen to
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FM Technology
Created by Edwin Armstrong to solve the problem of AM (static). Was rejected but was experimented on. It became reserved for noncommercial use (88.1-91.9 MHZ) and known as antiestablishment technology.
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Pacifica radio
* Created by Lewis Hill, 1949 * Educational, multicultural, listener-supported * non-commercial station * -5 stations nationwide
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Freeform
\-Bob Fass, WBAI (Pacifica station NY) "The Godfather of Freeform"
\-Radio unnameable (spontaneous and unformatted
\-Call-ins (invented)
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NPR
National Public Radio: wanted to educated, informed and engaged citizens. Does news, cultural program and information. Aimed at an educated audience and hosts speak gentle, are focused and calm, emphasizes on cultural diversity. Ex: Terry Gross from Fresh Air
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College radio
A radio station licensed to a college or university that is generally run by and for students, and tends to feature alternative music programming
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Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (1)
Presentational: 1 group of people prepare and provide music for an audience who don't participate in making the music/dancing
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Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (2)
Participatory performance: No artist/audience distinction, only participants and potential participants performing different roles
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Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (3)
High fidelity: The making of recording that are intended to index or be iconic of live sounds/performance.
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Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (4)
Studio audio art: The creation/manipulation of sounds in a studio or computer to create a recorded art object
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Escapism
the tendency to seek distraction and relief from unpleasant realities, especially by seeking entertainment or engaging in fantasy.
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Theremin
Russian electrical engineers, made the aetherphone
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Moog Synthesizer
Robert Moog invented the Moog synthesizer, it was the first to use a piano-style keyboard
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Disco
Refers to electronic music and social dancing. Origin: African America, Latin Caribbean, queer nightlife in NYC
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House
Chicago late 1970s/80. Had disco, soul, rock, r&b, drum machines and synthesizers.
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Rave
Underground, often illegal after hours dance parties, 1980s interface between tech and drugs, wanted to create a trance (shift in conscious)
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EDM
electronic dance music- raves were turned into festivals. Event based (peace, love, unity, and respect).
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gender binary
gender ideologies are most often codified as religious, moral or legal system that justify relations between genders.
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Agency
the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices
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Feminism
a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women
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1st wave feminism
Seneca Falls convention 1848; suffrage, property rights, education, the 19th Amendment. UMD admits women in 1916
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2nd wave feminism
Issues: discrimination, domestic violence, reproductive rights. Birth control pills were introduced in 1960 (need permission from your husband and need to be married.)
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3rd wave feminism
"Media saturated world." Started with Rebecca Walker, feminism is not diverse. Issue: Diversity/intersectionality, reproductive rights, beauty standards, harassment and assault, and lgbtq communities
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misogyny
hatred, dislike, mistrust of women
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Sexism
Discrimination against women
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Androgyny
having both female and male characteristics
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Intersectionality
the study of how different identity categories interact and affect one another, particularly how patterns of discrimination overlap
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Post-gender
\-Erosion of gender binary
\-New categories of gender and sexual identities
\-Non-binary, transgender, cisgender
\-LGBTQIA+
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Idol system
Borrowed from Japan. Have production companies scout people, train, and commodification
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Kdramas
More for women, talks about family issues, love relationships, romance>sex, it aims at the female gaze.
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Hallyu (1st wave)
Started with a Kdrama (Winter Sonata), Actor, Bae Yong-Joon played a character who is caring, sensitive, vulnerable while being physically strong (feminine/masculine)
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2nd wave
kpop spreads beyond East Asia
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Kpop masculine ideals
Either flower boy(fair skin, delicate features, lean, toned, cute, playful, androngynous) or a beast(tough, wild, macho, serious) Assumed heterosexual
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Fandom
Massive, passionate, and organized (power)
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Fan service
Fantasy and intimacy (assumed het.), flower boy ideal, male beauty. No dating or public scandals. They’re accessible.
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kpop feminine ideals
Aegyo(cute), innocent, pure, childlike or sexy, provocative, feminine fatale and womanly. “barbie doll aesthetic”: long thin shapely legs, prominent breasts, flawless skin, silky hair and heterosexual.
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South Korean beauty industry
Now a major mediator of beauty standards. Highest rate of cosmetic surgery per capita, have “nip-and-tuck” tourism and appearance affects social status and job prospects.
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American stereotypes on Asian men
Goofy, nerdy, awkward, mysterious, exotic and strange
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American stereotypes on Asian women
Overachieving, meek, “china doll”: timid, submissive or “dragon lady”: hypersexualized villain. Also fetishized.
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Your Hit Parade
First network program to feature songs ranked by popularity
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Black DJs
Latest R&B records, black cultural traditions( story telling, speaking in rhythm and rhyme and improvisation.) Also had personality DJs.
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DJ Rekha
London born, Brooklyn based DJ of Punjabi Indian heritage. Started “basement Bhangra” parties in NY. Became known as ambassador of Bhangra. Now teaches at NYU
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Delia Derbyshire
English musician and mathematician, composer of electronic music. Worked for BBC radiophonic workshop and electronic realization of Doctor Who theme.
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Daft Punk
Guy Manuel de Homom- Christo and Thomas Bangaller Parian. Pioneered modern EDM, “hallucinating pop stagecraft,” sci-fi glam and anonymous icons.
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Kraftwerk
Florian Schneider & Ralf Hutter, “power station.” Pioneers of Krautrock, purely tech and music is minimalist, robotic, and futuristic.
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AUDIO- Name the person and program/song
Martin Block
Make believe ballroom opening- Rise of the DJ, he didn’t sound like he was from a certain region from America, but a guy from nowhere. Reinforced imagined communities.
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AUDIO- Name the person and program/song
Enrico Caruso
“Questa o quella” -Considered as good music since it’s opera/classical and was used as advertisement of Victor’s phonograph (red label), promoting that he’s singing as if he’s in your living room
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AUDIO- Name the person and program/song
Al Benson
Swing and sway- Spoke in African American dialect rather than trying to sound white, played R&B music, spoke in rhythm and rhyme, narrative included improvisation and storytelling, and turned DJing into a performance.
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Madonna
“Express yourself,” genre: pop. Challenges traditional gender roles by wearing pants, hip thrust, taking up space un stage, flexing her arm muscles, sexual dominance over men and the lyrics are about expressing yourself.