MUSC215 midterm 1

Mediation

Mediation

Intermediary action referring to the practices of all the who intervene as popular music is produced, distributed and consumed

Hegemony

The predominant influence of a political or cultural force over another

Counter-hegemony

resisting the influences of a political or cultural force that has hegemony

Thomas Edison

Made phonograph, wax cylinders, and tinfoil phonographs. Installed in talking dolls at first, eventually made Edison records

Emile Berliner

Made flat disc in 1901, can hold 3 minutes of music. Founder of Victor talking machine company

First three record labels

The Edison Company (Thomas Edison), Columbia Records (Edward Easton), Victor Talking Machine Company(Emile Berliner)

Coin-operated jukebox machines

• First installed in Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco, 1889

• Became popular and made its way to urban public places

• military marches and vaudeville tunes

• hymn

Phonograph at home

Improved on sound appearance and genres, liker furniture. Bring music into your home, advertised as literally bringing stars into homes from 1900s and today

Minstrelsy

Blackface, making fun of black people's culture. First American musical and theatrical entertainment (most popular).

Jim Crow

Song and character created by Thomas Dartmouth Rice. Morphed into gross stereotypes(black people are lazy, goofy, dimwitted, untrustworthy and threatening).

Okeh Records

Indie label in NYC. Had the first black blues vocalist (Mamie Smith) and first commercially successful "hillbilly" recording. However, the company got boycott threats and both genres were discriminated against, major labels refused to work with them. Eventually was sold to Columbia records

Subvert

undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution)

Narrative

The art of practice of narration; the representation in art of an event or story

Top 40

• Todd Storz and Jukeboxes

• same hits in frequent rotation

• Ads, Jingles, promotions, rapid-fire pattern

Alan Freed

Promoted himself as a bringer of black music to white youth. Youth became known as teenagers DJ of te Moondog show. Called R&B rock n roll, making it somewhat safer to listen to

FM Technology

Created by Edwin Armstrong to solve the problem of AM (static). Was rejected but was experimented on. It became reserved for noncommercial use (88.1-91.9 MHZ) and known as antiestablishment technology.

Pacifica radio

• Created by Lewis Hill, 1949

• Educational, multicultural, listener-supported

• non-commercial station

• -5 stations nationwide

Freeform

-Bob Fass, WBAI (Pacifica station NY) "The Godfather of Freeform"

-Radio unnameable (spontaneous and unformatted

-Call-ins (invented)

NPR

National Public Radio: wanted to educated, informed and engaged citizens. Does news, cultural program and information. Aimed at an educated audience and hosts speak gentle, are focused and calm, emphasizes on cultural diversity. Ex: Terry Gross from Fresh Air

College radio

A radio station licensed to a college or university that is generally run by and for students, and tends to feature alternative music programming

Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (1)

Presentational: 1 group of people prepare and provide music for an audience who don't participate in making the music/dancing

Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (2)

Participatory performance: No artist/audience distinction, only participants and potential participants performing different roles

Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (3)

High fidelity: The making of recording that are intended to index or be iconic of live sounds/performance.

Turino's Four Fields of Artistic Practice (4)

Studio audio art: The creation/manipulation of sounds in a studio or computer to create a recorded art object

Escapism

the tendency to seek distraction and relief from unpleasant realities, especially by seeking entertainment or engaging in fantasy.

Theremin

Russian electrical engineers, made the aetherphone

Moog Synthesizer

Robert Moog invented the Moog synthesizer, it was the first to use a piano-style keyboard

Disco

Refers to electronic music and social dancing. Origin: African America, Latin Caribbean, queer nightlife in NYC

House

Chicago late 1970s/80. Had disco, soul, rock, r&b, drum machines and synthesizers.

Rave

Underground, often illegal after hours dance parties, 1980s interface between tech and drugs, wanted to create a trance (shift in conscious)

EDM

electronic dance music- raves were turned into festivals. Event based (peace, love, unity, and respect).

gender binary

gender ideologies are most often codified as religious, moral or legal system that justify relations between genders.

Agency

the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices

Feminism

a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women

1st wave feminism

Seneca Falls convention 1848; suffrage, property rights, education, the 19th Amendment. UMD admits women in 1916

2nd wave feminism

Issues: discrimination, domestic violence, reproductive rights. Birth control pills were introduced in 1960 (need permission from your husband and need to be married.)

3rd wave feminism

"Media saturated world." Started with Rebecca Walker, feminism is not diverse. Issue: Diversity/intersectionality, reproductive rights, beauty standards, harassment and assault, and lgbtq communities

misogyny

hatred, dislike, mistrust of women

Sexism

Discrimination against women

Androgyny

having both female and male characteristics

Intersectionality

the study of how different identity categories interact and affect one another, particularly how patterns of discrimination overlap

Post-gender

-Erosion of gender binary

-New categories of gender and sexual identities

-Non-binary, transgender, cisgender

-LGBTQIA+

Idol system

Borrowed from Japan. Have production companies scout people, train, and commodification

Kdramas

More for women, talks about family issues, love relationships, romance>sex, it aims at the female gaze.

Hallyu (1st wave)

Started with a Kdrama (Winter Sonata), Actor, Bae Yong-Joon played a character who is caring, sensitive, vulnerable while being physically strong (feminine/masculine)

2nd wave

kpop spreads beyond East Asia

Kpop masculine ideals

Either flower boy(fair skin, delicate features, lean, toned, cute, playful, androngynous) or a beast(tough, wild, macho, serious) Assumed heterosexual

Fandom

Massive, passionate, and organized (power)

Fan service

Fantasy and intimacy (assumed het.), flower boy ideal, male beauty. No dating or public scandals. They’re accessible.

kpop feminine ideals

Aegyo(cute), innocent, pure, childlike or sexy, provocative, feminine fatale and womanly. “barbie doll aesthetic”: long thin shapely legs, prominent breasts, flawless skin, silky hair and heterosexual.

South Korean beauty industry

Now a major mediator of beauty standards. Highest rate of cosmetic surgery per capita, have “nip-and-tuck” tourism and appearance affects social status and job prospects.

American stereotypes on Asian men

Goofy, nerdy, awkward, mysterious, exotic and strange

American stereotypes on Asian women

Overachieving, meek, “china doll”: timid, submissive or “dragon lady”: hypersexualized villain. Also fetishized.

Your Hit Parade

First network program to feature songs ranked by popularity

Black DJs

Latest R&B records, black cultural traditions( story telling, speaking in rhythm and rhyme and improvisation.) Also had personality DJs.

DJ Rekha

London born, Brooklyn based DJ of Punjabi Indian heritage. Started “basement Bhangra” parties in NY. Became known as ambassador of Bhangra. Now teaches at NYU

Delia Derbyshire

English musician and mathematician, composer of electronic music. Worked for BBC radiophonic workshop and electronic realization of Doctor Who theme.

Daft Punk

Guy Manuel de Homom- Christo and Thomas Bangaller Parian. Pioneered modern EDM, “hallucinating pop stagecraft,” sci-fi glam and anonymous icons.

Kraftwerk

Florian Schneider & Ralf Hutter, “power station.” Pioneers of Krautrock, purely tech and music is minimalist, robotic, and futuristic.

AUDIO- Name the person and program/song

Martin Block

Make believe ballroom opening- Rise of the DJ, he didn’t sound like he was from a certain region from America, but a guy from nowhere. Reinforced imagined communities.

AUDIO- Name the person and program/song

Enrico Caruso

“Questa o quella” -Considered as good music since it’s opera/classical and was used as advertisement of Victor’s phonograph (red label), promoting that he’s singing as if he’s in your living room

AUDIO- Name the person and program/song

Al Benson

Swing and sway- Spoke in African American dialect rather than trying to sound white, played R&B music, spoke in rhythm and rhyme, narrative included improvisation and storytelling, and turned DJing into a performance.

Madonna

“Express yourself,” genre: pop. Challenges traditional gender roles by wearing pants, hip thrust, taking up space un stage, flexing her arm muscles, sexual dominance over men and the lyrics are about expressing yourself.