HBS Midterm Review

What are tissues

groups of cells that are similar in structure that work together to perform a specific task

• epithelium

• connective tissue

• muscle tissue

• nervous tissue

Appendicular vs Axial skeleton

Axial skeleton - bones found in the core of the body(skull, spinal column, and rib cage)

Appendicular skeleton - bones of the limbs and the bones that help attach the limbs to the core of the body

Types of joints

Fibrous- fixed/immovable, connect ones

Cartilaginous - some motions, between articulating bones

Synovial - movable, has synovial fluid to reduce friction

saddle

joystick (thumb)

Ball-and-socket

back + forth, side to side, rotating (shoulder)

Condyloid

back + forth, no rotating (wrist)

plane

gliding (hands and feet)

hinge

bending + straightening (elbow)

pivit

limited rotations (neck)

sensory neurons

carry info from sensory receptor cells throughout the body to the brain

motor neurons

transmit info from brain to muscles

interneurons

communicate info between different neurons

Cerebrum

N/A

Frontal lobe

reasoning, happiness, problem-solving

Parietal lobe

bodily sensations (touch, temp, pain), taste

occipital lobe

vision

temporal lobe

long-term memory, hearing

Cerebellum

muscle coordination, balance, movement

brain stem

breathing

corpus callosum

bridges 2 hemisphere + allows for communication

Hypothalamus

Thirst and hunger, sleep and wake, blood pressure regulation

olefactory bulb

smell

Wernicke’s area

language understanding

broca’s area

speech production

amygdala

stress

Master gland

pituitary gland, controls the functions of many other endocrine glands

How do the skeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

The skeletal system provides support and protection for the body's organs, while the muscular system allows for movement. The nervous system controls and coordinates the activities of the other two systems. The Endocrine produces hormones, they are sent to different glands and organs which in turn make changes that help the body remain in balance.