cell energy test
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27 Terms
1
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what is energy
the ability to do work
2
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what is energy used for in living things
growth, development, and movement
3
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what does it mean to transform energy
converting it from one form to another
4
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where does all energy come from?
sun
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what is an autotroph
an organism that makes its own food
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what is a heterotroph
an organism that cannot make its own food, and has to rely on eating to survive
7
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what is metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
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what is the relationship between energy and metabolism
breaking chemical bonds (metabolism) creates chemical energy
9
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what two organelles perform energy transformations in eukaryotic cells
mitochondria and chloroplasts
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what materials does a plant need to take in to make sugar by photosynthesis
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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what do plants make as waste that is useful for us
oxygen
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what are stomata
small openings on a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
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which reactant of photosynthesis diffuses into the leaf through stomata
carbon dioxide (CO2)
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which product of photosynthesis diffuses out of the leaf through stomata
oxygen (O2)
15
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how does a plant use the glucose it makes
\-used immediately to provide energy source for respiration
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\-energy used to turn sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids to build proteins
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\-makes cellulose, structure of cell wall
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\-energy stored as starch (in leaves, seeds, roots etc)
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\-energy stores as sucrose (fruit)
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\-make fats and oils (energy stored in seeds)
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\-raw material for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged parts
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\-energy used to turn sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids to build proteins
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\-makes cellulose, structure of cell wall
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\-energy stored as starch (in leaves, seeds, roots etc)
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\-energy stores as sucrose (fruit)
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\-make fats and oils (energy stored in seeds)
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\-raw material for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged parts
16
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how do heterotrophs make energy (from their food)
cellular respiration
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how do autotrophs obtain energy
photosynthesis
18
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what is the name of the molecule that provides chemical energy in our cells
adenosine triphosphate or atp
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what is meant by the 3 in triphosphate?
3 phosphate groups
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when atp breaks off its third phosphate, it \_____________ energy.
releases
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when a third phosphate group is added back to adp, it \______________ energy
stores
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what is atp called with it only has 2 phosphate groups
adp
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what is atp made of
adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups
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which organelle in eukaryotic cells is responsible for making atp
mitochondria
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which macromolecule is the main food source for atp
carbohydrates
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how many bonds does glucose have
24
27
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define cellular respiration
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen