Studied by 3 peoplewhat is energy
the ability to do work
what is energy used for in living things
growth, development, and movement
what does it mean to transform energy
converting it from one form to another
where does all energy come from?
sun
what is an autotroph
an organism that makes its own food
what is a heterotroph
an organism that cannot make its own food, and has to rely on eating to survive
what is metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
what is the relationship between energy and metabolism
breaking chemical bonds (metabolism) creates chemical energy
what two organelles perform energy transformations in eukaryotic cells
mitochondria and chloroplasts
what materials does a plant need to take in to make sugar by photosynthesis
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what do plants make as waste that is useful for us
oxygen
what are stomata
small openings on a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
which reactant of photosynthesis diffuses into the leaf through stomata
carbon dioxide (CO2)
which product of photosynthesis diffuses out of the leaf through stomata
oxygen (O2)
how does a plant use the glucose it makes
-used immediately to provide energy source for respiration
-energy used to turn sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids to build proteins
-makes cellulose, structure of cell wall
-energy stored as starch (in leaves, seeds, roots etc)
-energy stores as sucrose (fruit)
-make fats and oils (energy stored in seeds)
-raw material for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged parts
how do heterotrophs make energy (from their food)
cellular respiration
how do autotrophs obtain energy
photosynthesis
what is the name of the molecule that provides chemical energy in our cells
adenosine triphosphate or atp
what is meant by the 3 in triphosphate?
3 phosphate groups
when atp breaks off its third phosphate, it _____________ energy.
releases
when a third phosphate group is added back to adp, it ______________ energy
stores
what is atp called with it only has 2 phosphate groups
adp
what is atp made of
adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups
which organelle in eukaryotic cells is responsible for making atp
mitochondria
which macromolecule is the main food source for atp
carbohydrates
how many bonds does glucose have
24
define cellular respiration
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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