Unit 8 - Computing Innovations

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30 Terms

1
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How many a user's emails become exposed to the world?

If either of the email web servers are attacked or someone in the email organizations goes rogue, or if a safe access point or a secure connection is lost.

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What is SMS?

SMS is a short message service between mobile phones.

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Why did SMS shoot up in popularity in the early 21st century?

It travels over cellular networks. It exploded especially in countries without reliable Internet service.

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What is fake news?

Oftentimes purposefully inaccurate news found on social media, or accidentally inaccurate, based off unreliable sources.

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What are echo chambers?

People tend to be connected to people with similar ideologies and thus are more likely to see content that aligns with their beliefs, so they are less likely to check that content for accuracy.

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What are some risks of public posts?

Some risks of public posts include cybercrime, reputation damage, and job loss.

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What are web archiving services?

These services such as the Internet archive attempt to make copies of all pages on the web.

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What are different ways copies of anything published online might exist even after deletion?

Web archiving services, automated bots, and other users can all retain copies of something online after its deletion.

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What does video conferencing require?

Video conferencing requires high bandwidth and low latency to stream the audio and video smoothly.

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What is collaborative software?

Collaborative software enables us to create things together online.

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What is the cloud?

The cloud is Internet connected servers and data centers.

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What is cloud computing?

Online services host the software and user data in the cloud to make it possible for multiple users to access the same functionality and data at the same time.

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What is crowdsourcing?

Taking advantage of the large network of potential contributors online and funnel their resources into an output

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What are some negatives of crowd-sourced information?

Some negatives of crowdsourced knowledge is the lack of accuracy with a volunteer community, as well as a posssible lack of diversity in information and the way it's presented.

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What is crowdfunding?

Thousands of supporters each invest a small amount of money to add up into enough capital to bring a new product into the world.

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What are human computation platforms?

They distribute small tasks to humans and give each task to multiple humans, and once humans agree to the answer the computer stores that

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What is microworking?

Human computation platforms may pay the humans to do tasks, which can be done at any time from home with no experience required.

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What is citizen science?

It is the participation of the general public in scientific research. They are successful because they harness the effort of huge numbers of volunteers.

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What is volunteer computing?

People donate their computer's spare resources to crunch numbers for scientific research projects.

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What are open innovation platforms?

Open innovation platforms take advantage of the global connectivity of the Internet to connect solution seekers with solution solvers.

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What is a sensor?

A sensor is a low-power device that can detect some aspect of its environment and send the data to another service.

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What is a connected sensor?

It is a sensor that also has a way to send data to either a local network or the internet.

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What are different types of sensors?

Visual sensors, acoustic sensors, weather sensors, and positioning sensors are all different forms of sensors.

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What is a sensor network?

it is a group of sensors where each sensor monitors data in a different location and sends that data to a central location for storage, viewing, and analysis

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What are different applications for sensor networks?

Different applications for sensor networks are home security, environmental monitoring, municipal surveillance, and earthquake detection

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How is something smart?

Something is smart when it collects data about its environment and uses the data to make intelligent decisions about what steps to take next.

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What is a smart building?

A smart building uses technology to optimize the comfort and security of the building, while minimizing cost and environmental impact.

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What is smart transportation?

It uses data from sensors to bring both private and public transportation closer to the goals of more safety and less congestion

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What is a smart grid?

A smart grid uses technology to improve how electricity travels from power plants to consumers and to prevent local failures from becoming widespread outages.

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What is a security risk in smart systems?

A big risk of these smart systems is often their interconnectedness, as many devices are connected to the publicly accessible Internet. The biggest target is smart grids.