SNC2D Biology Notes Review

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and definitions from the SNC2D Biology lecture notes.

Cell Theory

All living things are made up of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

A simple cell type that does not have a nucleus; example includes bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cell

A more complex cell type that has a nucleus; examples include plant cells, animal cells, fungi, and protists.

Photosynthesis

The process by which chloroplasts in plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) and release oxygen.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that includes stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Cytokinesis

The final stage of the cell cycle where the cell fully divides into two daughter cells.

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells capable of developing into various types of specialized cells; include embryonic and adult stem cells.

Homeostasis

The process of maintaining stable internal conditions in an organism, such as temperature and pH.

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell division that can lead to tumors; types include benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous).

Tissue

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions in the body.

Cell Specialization

The process where cells develop into specific types with distinct functions necessary for the organism's survival.

Vascular Tissue

Plant tissue responsible for the transport of water (xylem) and nutrients (phloem).

Transpiration

The process where water evaporates from the leaves of a plant, pulling more water upward through the plant.

Gas Exchange in Plants

Occurs at the stomata, where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits during photosynthesis.

Differentiation

The process by which stem cells become specialized cells with specific functions.