All units psych

Sensation

When sensory information gets detected by a sensory receptor

The senses

Smell, touch, taste, hear, see + balance (vestibular), body perception and movement (proprioception and kinesthesia), Pain (nociception), temperature (thermoception)

Vestibular

Balance

Proprioception

Body perception

Kinesthesia

Body movement

Nociception

Pain

Thermoception

Temperature

Perception

How sensory information gets organized, interpreted and consciously experienced

Sensory adaptation

When you stop perceiving constant stimuli for an extended periods (tuning out stimuli)

Intentional blindness

Failure to notice something visible due to actively attending to something else (gorilla during basketball)

Signal detection theory

Ability to recognize stimuli in a distracting background

Sensitivity

How well you can distinguish a signal from noise (fluctuates)

Personal decision criteria

How much evidence you personally need before deciding the signal is present

Hit

Signal is present and you think it is

False alarm

Signal not present but you think it is

Miss

Signal present and didn’t think it was

Correct rejection

Signal not present and you didn’t think it was

Hearing test

Hearing/not hearing a tone, and deciding whether or not you heard it

Does your ability to hear affect decision bias

No

Top-down

The brain applying what is already known to what is being perceived (hearing voice in cafe because you know what your voice sounds like)

Bottom up

When the brain assembles the full picture from the details up. perception driven by stimuli (new experiences)

Phantom limb sensation

Missing limb still feeling like its there.

What the brain does during Phamton limb sensation

Brain trying to rearrange sensory signals

Treatment for phantom limb sensation

Mirror therapy

Psychological component of pain

Phantom limb sensation proves

Yes

Can people born without limbs still get phantom pain

What causes phantom pain

Cut nerve endings get thicker and more sensitive, causing the sensation of pain without there actually being any

Motor cortex

Frontal lobe

Prefrontal lobe

Frontal lobe

Broca’s area

frontal lobe

Somatosensory cortex

Parietal lobe

Primary visual cortex

Occipital

Auditory cortex

Temporal lobe

Wernickes area

Temporal lobe

Hippocampus

Limbic system

Amygdala

Limbic system

Hypothalamus

Limbic system

Motor cortex

Plans and coordinates movement

Prefrontal cortex

Highest cognitive function- planning, scheduling

Broca’s area

Produces speech (writing, talking)

Somatosensory cortex

Processes all sensory information except smell

Primary visual cortex

Interprets visual information

Auditory cortex

Processes auditory information

Wernickes area

Speech comprehension (reading, listening)

Hippocampus

Essential for memory and learning

Amygdala

Emotion and ties emotions to memories

Hypothalamus

Maintains homeostasis

What is the scientific study psychology refers to

The mind and behavior

Sample size

At least 35 people

What is sampling bias

A bias due to small sample size

Confounding variables

Variables that weren’t accounted for

Placebo effect

A positive reaction with no real change

Control group

Group with no variable

Methodology

A system of methods

Peer review

Other experts agreeing with your study

Transparency of data

Not hiding any data regardless of what it shows

Not all data that seems connected is

Correlation vs causation

Does everything require scrutiny

Yes

Evidence, not “what”

excitement

Good writing does not equal

Good science

Wilhelm Wundt

Structuralism

William James

Functionalism

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic theory

What do scientists test

What is perceivable and measurable

First psychologist

Wilhelm Wundt

Individual parts of the brain vs the whole mind

Structuralism

How is structuralism tested

Introspection/ describing sensations, thoughts, feelings of stimuli

Why was structuralism replaced

It was too subjective and unreliable

What was structuralism replaced by

More objective thought

The first psychology lab in 1879 tested what

Reaction times

How activities helped organisms fit in an environment

Functionalism

What did functionalism grow from

Darwins theory of evolution

Whole mind vs individual parts

Functionalism

Who influenced behaviorism And educational psychology

William James

Psychoanalytic Theory

Sigmund Freud

Who is the most well known psychologist

Sigmund Freud

What was the diagnoses for emotional disturbances

Hysteria

What part of the mind did psychoanalytic theory focus on

The unconscious mind

What is psychoanalysis

The patient talking about themselves

What is the unconscious mind

The part of the mind that we can’t access that contains feelings and urges we dont know about

What did Freud consider crucial to resolution

Gaining access to the unconscious mind

What methods to gaining access to the unconscious mind did Freud use

Dream analysis, word association, Freudian slips, transference

What is a Freudian slip

Accidentally saying the wrong word

What is transference

Transferring feelings onto the therapist

What did Watson shift psychological thought from and to

Mind to behavior

What did behaviorism do

Observe and modify behavior

What school of thought established psychology as a scientific discipline

Behaviorism

What school of thought was the first to use nonhuman subjects

Behaviorism

What did behaviorism influence

Behavior modification

What did humanism believe

That there is an innate want for good in all humans

What school of thought focused on control, intentions and predispositions for good

Humanism

What did humanism believe was true of psychoanalysis

That it was too pessimistic due to the lack of control

What did humanism believe of behaviorism

That it was too simplistic due to the belief that people were driven exclusively by external stimuli

What did Carl Rodger’s create

Client centered therapy

What did carl Rodger’s believe psychotherapists should exercise

Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy

What was psychology considered before it was a science

Philosophy

What percentage of bachelor degrees are in psychology

6%

What did Pavlov study

Conditioned reflexes

Who created classical conditioning

Pavlov

John Watson studied what

Observable behavior