Large Animal Anatomy Module 1

Age, breed, gender

What three things impact the shape of the head?

Arabian horses

In what animal does breed matter the most with respect to shape of head?

Cattle

In what animal does gender impact the shape of the head the most?

Need high surface area for premolars, molars, and muscles of mastication (grind forage)

What is the purpose of facial elongation?

Rostral to eyes

Large animals have elongated skull, where does this occur?

Subcutaneous tissue

What do large animals lack over the dorsum of the skull?

Laceration

Due to no subcutaneous tissue over the dorsum of the skull, what happens if there is blunt force trauma there?

Ox

What animal skull is this?

Horse

What animal skull is this?

Dog

What animal skull is this?

Sheep

What animal skull is this?

Pig

What animal skull is this?

Os incisivum

What bone is a/tan?

Os nasale

What bone is 3/light green?

Maxilla

What bone is red?

Os frontale

What bone is yellow?

Os zygomaticum

What bone is c/light blue?

Os pariteale

What bone is orange near the front?

Os occipitale

What bone is green in the back?

Ox

What animal has a temporal line?

Ox

What animal has a temporal fossa?

F

T/f dogs have a complete bony orbit

T

T/f large animals have a complete bony orbit

Demarcates the temporal fossa

What does the temporal line demarcate?

Temporalis

What muscle sits in the temporal fossa?

Frontal bone

What bone is the cornual process on?

Only present when the animal has a horn

When is the cornual process present?

F

T/f ox have canine/incisiors in upper dental arcade of incisive bone?

Ruminants: sheep, goat, ox

What animals do not have canine/incisors in upper dental arcade of incisive bone?

Temporal line

What is dark pink arrow pointing to?

Temporal fossa

What is blue arrow pointing to?

Cornual process

What is purple arrow pointing to?

Facial tuberosity

What is light pink arrow pointing to?

Colverium (surrounds brain)

What does the frontal bone of cattle form?

Ox, sheep, goat

What animals have a facial tuberosity?

Horse

What animal has a facial crest?

Masseter

What muscle takes origin on the ventral aspect of the facial crest in a horse?

Maxilla to zygomatic arch

Where is the facial crest located in a horse?

Horse - 1/2 way is the infraorbital canal

What animal is the nasoincisive notch clinically relevant?

Formed by rostral projection of nasal bone beyond where it meets the incisive bone

What is nasoincisive notch formed by?

facial crest

What is the pink arrow pointing to?

Nasoincisive notch

What is the blue line representing?

Sheep only!!!!

Not goat

What animal has an external lacrimal fossa?

Sheep mostly

What animal has a Roman type nose?

External lacrimal fossa

What is circled in pink?

Facial tuberosity

What is circled in purple?

Roman type nose —> sheep

What is the black arrow pointing to?

T

T/f sheep and goats can have a cornual process

Pig

What animal has a os rostrale?

Snout

The os rostrale is embedded in what?

Os rostrale

What is circled?

Ethmoid foramen

What is yellow/3?

Optic canal

What is pink/4?

Orbital fissure

What is green/5?

Rostral alar canal

What is blue/6?

Caudal alar canal

What is purple/7?

Oval foramen

What is orange/8?

CN II

In a dog, what passes through optic canal?

CN III, IV, V(1), VI

In a dog, what passes through orbital fissure?

CN V(2)

Maxillary artery

In a dog, what passes through rostral alar canal?

Alar canal

Where does the round foramen open up?

Maxillary artery

What passes through the caudal alar canal in a dog?

CN V (3)

What passes through the oval foramen in a dog?

Ethmoid foramen

What is yellow/6?

Optic canal?

What is pink/7?

Foramen orbitortundum?

What is red/8?

Oval foramen

What is orange/9?

Ruminants and pigs

What animals have a foramen orbitorotundum?

CN III, IV, VI, V (1 and 2)

What cranial nerves pass through the foramen orbitorotundum?

Pig and horse

Where is the foramen lacerum found? What animals?

Oval foramen, carotid foramen, jugular foramen

What three foramen make up the foramen lacerum?

Dog - nice suture between temporal and occipital bone

What animal is 1?

Ox - tympanoocipital fissure between temporal and occipital bone

What animal is 2?

Pig - foramen lacerum

What animal is 3?

Horse - foramen lacerum

What animal is 4?

Dog

What animal is this?

Ruminant/ox

What animal is this?

Horses

What animal is this?

Foramen lacerum

What's highlighted in yellow?

T

T/f there is normally connective tissue over the foramen lacerum?

CN V(2) - oval foramen

Internal carotid artery and nerve - carotid foramen

CN IX, X, XI - jugular foramen

What passes through the foramen lacerum?