Biology: Transcription and Translation

Messanger RNA (mRNA)

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

makes up the major part of ribosomes

Transcription

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence

RNA polymerase

An enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Translation

The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Codon

Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.

Anticodon

The group of three base on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.

Intron

The pieces are removed from the pre-mRNA molecules to make final-mRNA (intervening sequences of DNA)

Exon

The remaining pieces from pre-RNA. (Expressed sequence of DNA)

Promoter

Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to blind to make RNA

Mutation

Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

Point mutation

Mutation that affect one nucleotide

Frameshift mutation

mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide