Cation Tests

Test for Lithium

Flame Test - Crimson Red

Test for Sodium

Flame Test - Yellow

Test for Potassium

Flame Test - Lilac

Test for Calcium

Flame Test - Brick Red

Test for Copper

Flame Test - Blue-Green

Test for Ammonium

Add NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide Solution) and heat; produces ammonia gas. This can be identified with its pungent smell and ability to turn DAMP red litmus paper blue.

Test for Copper (w/ NaOH)

Add NaOH solution; produces light blue precipitate (Copper(II) Hydroxide).

Test for Iron II

Add NaOH solution; produces a green precipitate (Iron(II) Hydroxide Precipitate).

Test for Iron III

Add NaOH solution; produces a brown precipitate (Iron(III) Hydroxide).

Are Yellow Flames used for Flame Tests?

No, it is hard to observe colour change