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Safety helmet [3]
- increases impact time
- therefore decreases rate of change of momentum
- therefore decreases impact force and risk of injury
Car safety features [3]
- crumple zones
- seat belts
- air bags
Seat belt [4]
- increases impact time
- therefore decreases rate of change of momentum
- therefore decreases impact force and risk of injury
- spreads force out over chest
Air bag [4]
- increases impact time
- therefore decreases rate of change of momentum
- therefore decreases impact force and risk of injury
- spreads force out over upper body
- Thinking distance is ... to speed
- Braking distance is ... to ... speed
- proportional
- proportional, the square of
Crash mat [3]
- increases impact time
- therefore decreases rate of change of momentum
- therefore decreases impact force and risk of injury
Elastic
ability of an object to return to its original shape when forces deforming it are removed
Extension
increase of length from original length
Hooke's law
extension is directly proportional to force unless the limit of proportionality is exceeded
Limit of proportionality
limit beyond which an elastic object's extension is no longer proportional to the force that deforms it
Elastic limit
maximum stress a material can withstand without permanent deformation
Hooke's law equation
F = ke