Early Islam, Umayyads, Abbasids, & the Golden Age
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38 Terms
What did arabian tribes fight over?
Wells and pastureland
How did merchants travel?
Camel caravans
What stood in the religious center of Mecca?
The Kaaba
What did the Kaaba house?
The Black Stone
What was the flight from Mecca to Medina called?
Hijra
What do you call the Muslim community?
Umma
What clan opposed Muhammad’s message?
Umayyad clan
What did Muhammad launch on Meccan caravans?
Raids
What enabled Muhammad to return to Mecca?
Peace treaty
What do you call the political and religious successor to Muhammad?
Caliph
What is the region called when it’s ruled by a caliph?
Caliphate
Who was the first Caliph?
Abu Bakr
Who was Muhammad’s son-in-law/cousin?
Ali
What did Ali do?
Claim leadership
Who are the supporters of Ali called (who believed the caliph comes from Muhammad’s family?")
Shia
Who believed the caliphs should be chosen by the community?
Sunni
What was the war called between Shia and Sunni?
Factional war
What dynasty came to power after Ali’s death?
Umayyad Dynasty
What was the Umayyad Dynasty’s capital?
Damascus
What stopped Muslim armies from expanding into Spain in 733?
Battle of Tours
Who was the Frankish Leader that stopped Muslim advancement into Europe?
Charles Martel
What are non-Arab converts called?
Mawali
A rebellion in 750 brought up what dynasty?
Abbasid Dynasty
Where did the Abbasid Dynasty move the capital to?
Baghdad
What do you call a culturally diverse city?
Cosmopolitan
What are islamic religious scholars called?
Ulama
What are the records of Muhammad’s life called?
Hadiths
What are Islamic urban universities called?
Madrasas
Who was Jalal al-Din al-Rumi?
Islam’s most famous mystics
In the 11th Century, who did political and military power shift to?
Seljuk Turks
Who was the leader of the Seljuk Turks
Tughril Beg
Who was Tughril Beg?
Sultan
What’s a “figurehead”?
Ruler in name only
Who conquered Baghdad in the 1200s?
Mongols
Who came to power after the Mongols weakened the region?
Ottoman Turks
What did the Ottomans conquer in 1453?
Constantinople
What did the Fall of Constantinople end?
Byzantine Empire
Who was afraid that the more muslims learned about science the more they became secular (or less focused on Allah)?
Al-Ghazali
Note 
Flashcards (34)