Early Islam, Umayyads, Abbasids, & the Golden Age

HMWS Q2

What did arabian tribes fight over?

Wells and pastureland

How did merchants travel?

Camel caravans

What stood in the religious center of Mecca?

The Kaaba

What did the Kaaba house?

The Black Stone

What was the flight from Mecca to Medina called?

Hijra

What do you call the Muslim community?

Umma

What clan opposed Muhammad’s message?

Umayyad clan

What did Muhammad launch on Meccan caravans?

Raids

What enabled Muhammad to return to Mecca?

Peace treaty

What do you call the political and religious successor to Muhammad?

Caliph

What is the region called when it’s ruled by a caliph?

Caliphate

Who was the first Caliph?

Abu Bakr

Who was Muhammad’s son-in-law/cousin?

Ali

What did Ali do?

Claim leadership

Who are the supporters of Ali called (who believed the caliph comes from Muhammad’s family?")

Shia

Who believed the caliphs should be chosen by the community?

Sunni

What was the war called between Shia and Sunni?

Factional war

What dynasty came to power after Ali’s death?

Umayyad Dynasty

What was the Umayyad Dynasty’s capital?

Damascus

What stopped Muslim armies from expanding into Spain in 733?

Battle of Tours

Who was the Frankish Leader that stopped Muslim advancement into Europe?

Charles Martel

What are non-Arab converts called?

Mawali

A rebellion in 750 brought up what dynasty?

Abbasid Dynasty

Where did the Abbasid Dynasty move the capital to?

Baghdad

What do you call a culturally diverse city?

Cosmopolitan

What are islamic religious scholars called?

Ulama

What are the records of Muhammad’s life called?

Hadiths

What are Islamic urban universities called?

Madrasas

Who was Jalal al-Din al-Rumi?

Islam’s most famous mystics

In the 11th Century, who did political and military power shift to?

Seljuk Turks

Who was the leader of the Seljuk Turks

Tughril Beg

Who was Tughril Beg?

Sultan

What’s a “figurehead”?

Ruler in name only

Who conquered Baghdad in the 1200s?

Mongols

Who came to power after the Mongols weakened the region?

Ottoman Turks

What did the Ottomans conquer in 1453?

Constantinople

What did the Fall of Constantinople end?

Byzantine Empire

Who was afraid that the more muslims learned about science the more they became secular (or less focused on Allah)?

Al-Ghazali