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PROKARYOTIC OR EUKARYOTIC. What are bacteria?
Prokaryotic
Genome of bacteria
DNA and RNA
TRUE OR FALSE. All bacteria have DNA and RNA
TRUE
What is the smallest bacteria
Mycoplasma species
Smallest bacteria are also known as?
Mollicutes
Since mycoplasma species have no cell wall what shape do they have?
Pleomorphic shape
What is the largest pathogenic bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
what is the largest non-pathogenic bacteria?
Thiomargarita magnifica
What is used in chemical detoxification?
Formaldehyde
What do you call a detoxified toxins?
Toxoids
What are weakened form of toxins?
Toxoids
In what degree is the heat stability of toxins
60 degree celsius
LABILE OR STABLE. heat stability of exotoxins
LABILE
LABILE OR STABLE. heat stability of endotoxins
STABLE
This is when they cannot produce fever
Afebrile
ENDOTOXIN or EXOTOXIN. Which of these cannot produce fever?
EXOTOXIN
ENDOTOXIN or EXOTOXIN. Which of these are febrile?
ENDOTOXIN
ENDOTOXIN or EXOTOXIN. Which of these are high in toxicity/potency?
EXOTOXIN
ENDOTOXIN or EXOTOXIN. Which of the following can be converted into toxoids?
EXOTOXIN
Which toxin is produced by C. botulinum?
Botulinum toxin
What is produced when Botulinum toxin is detoxified?
Botox
Which toxin is produced by Clostridium tetani
Tetanospasmin
What is produced when Tetanospasmin is detoxified?
Tetanus toxoid
What do endotoxin have that makes them febrile
Pyretic interleukin-1
The cell wall of a bacteria is composed of what?
Peptidoglycan/murine
Cell wall of fungi
Chitin
Cell wall of plants
Cellulose
TRUE of FALSE. All prokaryotes have cell well
FALSE
A bacteria that does not possess cell wall
Mycoplasma
PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE. Which of the following has a cell membrane without sterols?
Prokaryote
Prokaryote does not have sterol except for?
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma has this wherein it is their site of energy production
Sterol
What is the sterol of plants and fungi
Ergosterol
What is the sterol of animals
Cholesterol
The reproduction of prokaryotes
Asexual (Binary Fission)
This refers to the time required for 1 bacteria to split into two
Doubling time/generation time
Doubling time of S. aureus
30 minutes
Generation time of T. pallidum
33 hours
An example of eukaryotes that can also reproduce by binary fission
Protozoans
This refers to how fast ribosomes settles
Svedberg/Sedimentation unit
Ribosomes sedimentation unit of prokaryotes
70S; 30S - 50S
Ribosomes sedimentation unit of eukaryotes
80S; 40S - 60S
Lysosomes are known as suicide bags as they contain hydrolytic enzymes called?
Lysozymes
Width of Bacteria in um
0.25-1 um
Length of Bacteria in um
1-3 um
Cell wall is also known as
Peptidoglycan/murine layer
The peptidoglycan layer is composed of?
Disaccharide-pentapeptide subunit
Disaccharide-pentapeptide subunit is composed of alternating units of?
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
THICKER or THINNER. Peptidoglycan layer of gram positive
Thicker
THICKER or THINNER. Peptidoglycan layer of gram negative
Thinner
Gram positive or gram negative. Presence of outer membrane
Gram negative
This serves as permeability barrier to hydrophilic/hydrophobic substances
Outer membrane
Composition of outer membrane
Lipopolysaccharides and other lipids such as lipoproteins
This is the space between the cell wall and the outer membrane
Periplasm
The purpose of this is to trap the nutrients that enters the outer membrane. It secures proteins
Periplasm
This contributes to the (-) charge of your gram (+) cell wall
Teichoic acid and Lipoteichoic acid
The major contributor in having (-) charge in gram (+)
Teichoic acid
What do you call the bacteria that are resistant to gram staining?
Acid-Fast organisms
What is in the peptidoglycan of acid-fast organisms that makes them resistant to gram staining?
Mycolic acid/hydroxymethoxy acid
In nature, what are acid-fast organisms?
Gram positive
The unique structure of plasma membrane is that it has?
Mesosomes (invaginations)
This is also known as the cleavage of the cell membrane
Mesosomes
TRUE or FALSE. Mesosomes are important for cell division
TRUE
The purpose is to serve food reserves
Inclusion bodies
Metachromatic granules are also known as?
Volutin, Babes-ernst
What bacteria has the inclusion body of metachromatic granules
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
The inclusion body of Yersinia pestis
Bipolar bodies
Yersinia pestis has an appearance of what due to its inclusion bodies
Safety pin
Which bacteria has an inclusion body of much granules
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Halber-Stadter prowazek is the inclusion body of what bacteria?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Halber-Stadter prowazek is also known as the?
Elementary bodies
What is the name of the inclusion body of Chlamydia psittaci?
Levithal cole lillie
These are non-chromosomal DNA, non-vital and it encodes antibiotic resistance
Plasmids
Chromosomal DNA encodes for the production of?
mec A gene
Responsible for the reproduction and viability of bacteria
Chromosomal DNA
They carry antibiotic resistance genes
Plasmid
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm of bacteria has 2 distinct areas which are?
Amorphous matrix and Inner Nucleoid Region
Site of energy synthesis
Serves as osmotic and permeability barrier
Regular transport of nutrients in and out of the cell
Plasma membrane
Structure that surrounds the cell wall
Glycocalyx
2 Types of glycocalyx
Capsule and Slime layer
They are intact, firmly attached to the cell wall of the bacteria
Capsule
Capsule is associated with __ antigen, which means _____
K; kapsule
General structure of capsules consists of?
Polysaccharides
What is/are the bacteria wherein their capsules contains Polyribosil-ribitol phosphate (PO4)
Haemophilus influenzae
What is/are the bacteria wherein their capsules contains polysaccharides
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis
What is/are the bacteria wherein their capsules contains polypeptide D-glutamic acid
Bacillus anthracis
What is/are the bacteria wherein their capsules contains hyaluronic acid
Pasteurella multocida
What is/are the bacteria wherein their capsules contains alginate
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are the ways to identify if the bacteria has a capsule?
Capsular stain, Neufeld quellung test, mucoid colonies
What do you call the test wherein the capsule begins to swell?
Neufeld Quellung Test
Reagent of Neufeld Quellung Test
Serum with anticapsular antibodies
Loosely attached to the cell wall
Slime layer
Example of a bacteria with slime layer
Staphylococcus epidermidis
This extracellular structure is usually found in gram negative
Pili/Fimbriae
Pili are made up of protein called?
Pilin
2 Types of pili
Common pili and Sex pili
What are the other names of common pili?
Somatic, ordinary, adhesion pili
What are the other names of sex pili?
F, fertility pili
COMMON PILI OR SEX PILI. For adherence
Common Pili
Note 
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