ABN Final Exam

Depressants

slow the activity of the CNS, reduce tension and inhibition, interfere with judgement, motor activity, and concentration. Ex: Cannabis, hash, alcohol

Alcohol (Depressant)

Ethyl alcohol binds to neurons that receive the neurotransmitter GABA and helps shut down neural activity

Binge drinking episode

people consume five or more drinks on a single occasion

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

a chemical that is quickly abosrved into the blood through the lining of the stomach and is carried through the bloodstrem to the CNS; depresses areas of the brain that control judgement and inhibition

Alcohol dehydrogenase

breaks down alcohol in the stomacch before it enter the blood stream

Alcohol Use Disorder withdrawal symptoms

feel weak and nauseous, sweat and vomit, hearts beat rapidly, blood pressure rises, anxious, depressed, inability to sleep, delirium Tremens, seizures

Delirium tremens

consists of terrifying visual hallucination that begin within 3 days after stopping or reducing alcohol consumption; can include hallucinations of small animals chasing or crawling on them.

Korsakoffs sydrome

extreme confusion, memory loss, and other neurological symptoms that can be caused by deficiency in vitamin B1 that can be caused by alcoholism

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy; associated with intellectual disability, hyperactivity, head and face deformaties, heart defects, and slow growth

Sedative hypnotic drugs/anxiolytic drugs (depressants)

produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness; high dosage induces sleeps like hypnotic; bind to receptors on the nueron that receive GABA and increases GABA activity in those neurons.

Barbiturates

were widely prescribed as sedative hypnotics drugs

Benzodiazepines

replaced barbiturates because they are safer and less likely to lead to intoxication; high dosage will cause intoxication and sedative hypnotic use disorder; long term use can cause cognitive impairment, intellectual decline, confusion, and memory loss

Benzodiazepine drug names

Xanax, ativan, and valium

Opiods (depressants)

depress the central nervous system centers that control emotion; attach to brain receptor sites that recieve endorphin neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension

Opiod use disorder withdrawal symptoms

anxiety, restlessness, sweating, rapid breathing, twitching, aches, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, high blood pressure, and weight loss

Opiod overdose

opoids close down the respiratory center in the brain, paralyzing breathing and causing death

Stimulants

substance that increase activity of the CNS resulting in increased blood pressure, heart rate, alertness, and sped up behavior. Ex: Cocaine, Crack, Amphetamines, Meth

Cocaine

central active ingredient in coca plant; odorless, white powder that is snorted through the mucous membrane of the nose (can also be injected or smoked); brings a euphoric rush of well-being and confidence

Cocaine neurochemical effects

stimulates higher center of the CNS that creates excited, energetic, talkative, and euphoric feelings; Also increases neurotransmitter dopamine and overstimulates neurons; increases norepinephrine and serotonin

Cocaine effects

causes intoxication that creates poor muscle coordination, grandiosity, bad judgement, anger, aggression, compulsive behavior, anxiety, and confusion.

Cocaine induced psychosis

hallucinations and delusions caused by using cocaine

Crack

from of freebase cocaine that has been boiled down into crystal balls and smoked through a special pipe

Cocaine overdose

stimulates then depresses breathing to the point respiration stops; also causes fatal hear irregularities and brain seizures

Amphetamine (stimulant)

causes euphoric effect, increased energy, alertness, reduced appetite, psychosis, and emotional letdown as drug wears off

Amphetmaine neurochemical effect

stimulates the CNS by increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Methamphetamine (stimulant)

increases arousal, attention, and disinhibition; chronic use may cause open sores across the skin, lose teeth, decline in cognitive decision making

Hallucinogens

produce delusions, hallucination, and other sensory changes

Psychedellic drugs

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, and MDMA/ecstasy

MDMA

technically a stimulant, but produces halluconigenic effects

LSD

powerful halluconigen that strengthen perception, particularly visual percpetion, along with psychologicl changes and physical symptoms

Hallucinosis

state of hallucinogenic intoxication

LSD neurochemical effect

binds to neurons that receive serotonin and help brain send visual information and control emotions

ecstasy/MDMA

stimulant and hallucinogenic that elevates mood

Ecstasy/MDMA neurochemical effect

causes neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine to be released all at once throughout the brian; increases and depletes a persons overall supply of the neurotransmitter

Cannabis

causes halluconigenic, depressant, stimulant effect; give joy, relaxation, anxiety, suspicious, irritated, time moves slow, reddening of the eyes, fast heartbeat, increases in blood

Synergistic effect

doses of two different drugs that create a greater effect of each drug taken alone

polysubstance

when people take more than one drug at a time

Sociocultural view of SUD

people are more likely to develop an SUD when living under stressgul socioeconomic conditions; low SES, unemployment, discrimination,

Psychodynamic view of SUD

people with SUD have powerful dependencys that are traced back to parents failing to satisfy young childs needs and nurterance.

CBT views of SUD

operant conditioning causes an expectancy from drug after using; use drugs when they feel tense

Biological view of SUD

genetic predisposition and molecular biology; the more a substance is used, the more hypersensitive the reward circuit is to dopamine

Incentive sensitization theory

neurosn in the brain circuit fire more readily when stimulated by the substance contributing to future desires

Reward deficiency syndrome

reward circuit is not readily activated by usual life events so they turn to substances

Developmental psychopathology view on SUD

begins with genetic predispositions along with a less than optimal reward circuit

Psychodynamic therapy for SUD

guide clients to uncover and work through their underlying needs and conflicts that they beleive led to the SUD

CBT treatments for SUD

Helps clients identify and change behaviors and cognition that keep cotributing to their pattern substance misuse.

Aversion therapy (form of CBT)

based on behaviorl principle of classical conditioning