aerobic
requires oxygen
anaerobic
does not require oxygen
lactic acid fermentation
the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product
alcoholic fermentation
A process used by yeast cells and some bacteria to produce carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
electron transport chain
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons to make ATP.
krebs cycle
pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
glycolysis
splitting glucose in half, releasing energy and pyruvate
pyruvate
Three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis.
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
ATP Synthase
The enzyme that makes ATP
Cristae
Folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain
Matrix
Innermost fluid of the mitochondrion
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
NADH
An energy-carrying molecule produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Carries energy to the electron transport chain, where it is stored in ATP.
Citric Acid
a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle
Coenzyme A
Helper molecule that helps to start the Krebs Cycle
GTP
Energy molecule that is VERY similar to ATP
Oxaloacetate
A four-carbon molecule that binds with the two-carbon acetyl unit of acetyl-CoA to form citric acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle (helps restart cycle)
Oxygen
Final electron acceptor in the ETC