concept of place

Location-

descriptive,quantitative

standardised measurement that can be used to compare places

each place has disticnt characteristics and can be described using quantitative data this includes endogenous and exogenous characteristics

examples of this in a quantitative method

clone town survey

index multiple deprivation

census data

Locale

flows of people and events

social constructionist

takes into account the effect that people have on their setting a place is shaped by peole ,cultures and customs within it

examples of locale

quantitative method-participation observation

qualitative method-participant observation

sense of place

phenomenological

feeling/emotions

subjective and emotional attachment an individual has to place.it will completely diffe when looked at from another perspective

example

qualitative method-photo survey

descriptive approach

the idea that the world is set of places and each can be studied and is distinct

social contructionist approach

seeas place as a product of a particular set of social processes occuring in a particuar time

a phenomenological approach

is not interested in the unique characteristics of a place it is interested in how an individual person exoeriences the place.

meaning

meaning relates to individual or collective perceptions of place

media

means of communication including tv,films,art,photography etc ,these reach and influence people widely

place making

the deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve communitys quality of life

subjective

based on or influenced by personel feelings

importance of place in human life and experiecne

people define themselves throguh sense of place and by living there,

promotion is crucial in the marketing of holiday destinations

people may buy into or consume place

identity

place can be critical to the construction of identity

can be evident in number of scales:

localism

regionalism

nationalism

localism

an affection at a for or an emotional ownership of a particular place.Localism barely manifests itswlf in a political sense but can be demonstrated nimbyism which occurs when people are reluctant to have their local area affected by development

Regionalism

consciousness of an dloyalty to a distinct region with a population that shares similarities

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a nation which creates a sense of national consciousness

religion

cann too be used to foster a sense of identitiy in place. At a local level churches,mosques etc are placdes where people from the same religious identity come togehter to worship

globalisation of place

some argue that this has made place less imprtant as the forces of global capitalism have eroded local cultures and creates identical or homogenised place

clone town/placelessness

describes settlements where the high street is dominated by chain stores

glocalisation

multinational companies having to adapt to the local marketplace

localisation of place

place has become a political symbol for people fighting against global capitalism one response has been greater focus on local place and promotion of local goods and services

belonging

to belong means to be part of the community,

the extent to which one might feel a sense of belonging to a place can be influenced by number of factors such as

• age

• gender

• sexuality

• socio-economic status

• religion

• level of education

• race

• ethnicity

well-being

individuals will have a different views about what makes a place great,there are certain features which generally accepted to be more important in promoting happiness and well being but different factors will be important to different groups of people as the quality of lived experience and perception of place are influenced by a sense of belonging,age etc

insider

to be inside of a place is to belong to it and identify with it and the more profiundly inside you are the strogner is the identity with the place

nimby

can be applied to loca; opposition to development such as new housing estates

near places and far places

the terms near and far have several potential meaning when it comes to places

could refer geographyical distance bwetween place

equally could describe the emotional connection with a particular place and how comfortable a person feels in that particular place

some places feel more familiar than others partly due to personel experiences but also due to frequent representational exposure.

experienced places

tose places that a person has spent time in

media places

those that the person only has read or seein in films about

the reality of a place can be far different to that put across by the media and that is most clearlt seen through the portrayal of rural places

media portrayasl of rural living

stereotypicaly images of rural living permeate but the idyllic image of country side put forward by the media and advertising companies which have all sought to disasvantage low income house holds in rural areas

• unemoloyment and underemployment

• scarce availability of affordable housing

• reduction is public transport services

• rural homelessness

media portrayal of city living

cities are showed in a negative way

economic and social depriviation,homelessness,crime,vandalism

endogenous factors

refers to the characteristics of the place itself or factors which have originated internaliy.this would include aspects such as location,physical geographt,land use and social and economic characteristics such as population size and employment rates

exogenous factors

relationship of one place with other places and external factors which affect this.The demography,socio-economic and cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people,respurces ,money and investment

endogenous factors examples

• physical geogrsphy such as relief,altitude,aspect,drainage,soil and rock type

• demographic factors:population size,structure,ethnitcity

• urban or rural,proximitity to other settlements ,main roads,physical features

• land use,age and type of housing,building density,building materials

• political factors such as role and strength of local councils

• mobility of the population for work and leisure pursuits

• heritage,religion,language

exogenous factors examples

• the impact of international migration.People from all around thw world have settles in the uk,creating a more cultural society

• newcomers could cause conflict or change the character or community of place

• increasing mobility of people increases links between places

• deindustrilisation,unemployment,economic restructuring and urban decline of former traditional industrial cities as manufacturing moves overseas

• links to or infliences from other places

agents of change

any group of people who work to impact a place through working there,living or trying to improve the place

government policies

e.g regeneration schemes and financial incentives for industries such as subsidies,tax breaks, and enterprise zones

these can attract business to places and stimulate a positive multiplier effect

decisions of multinational corporations

e.g in 2019 honda announced the closure of its swindon factory to move production to china

• job losses for employwes and in the supply chain

• uncertain fututere for the 380 aqcre factory site

impacts of international or global institutions

in 2020 the world bank was running 24 development projects in haiti

sustainable development goals

qualitative skills -maps

used to locate places but they can also influence how we think or feel about a place and as such play a very important role in both our sense of place and perception

counter mapping

a bootom up process where people produce their own map informed by thei own local knowledge

interviews

can generate detailed insights about a persons sense of place or perception they are first hand

disadvantages

interviewer bias may affect the responses of the interviewe by using leading questions

people may not be honest

media representation photographs

places can be easlity photosopped to make appear different

textual sources

novels may evoke a sense of place a feeling that the reader knows what its like to be there

poems

poets may refer to specific places in personel and responsive ways but they also enable the reader to sense and imagine what it is like to be there

paintings

may not be that accurate as there is more scxope for individual interpretations and selection however they can show a deeper understanding of place becasue they allow the painter to show more of the charactwr of what is there