Cell Organelles, Microsopes, and Cell theory

What are microscopes used for?

Microscopes are precise tools used to magnify objects.

What is a Light Microscope?

A Light Microscope uses light and lenses to magnify objects and can only see dead organisms.

What is an Electron Microscope?

An Electron Microscope uses electrons that pass through or bounce off an object to magnify it.

What must a specimen be like for a Light Microscope?

The specimen must be thin enough to let light pass through.

How should you hold a microscope?

Hold the microscope by the base arm.

What should you never do when using a microscope?

Never tip the microscope backward.

What is the function of the light source in a microscope?

The light source sends light through the specimen.

What is the ocular eyepiece?

The ocular eyepiece is what you look through to see the specimen and magnifies the object by 10x.

What is the field of view in a microscope?

The field of view is the circle of light you see when looking through the microscope.

What are the three types of objectives on a microscope?

The three types of objectives are Low Power, Medium Power, and High Power.

What does the Low Power objective do?

The Low Power objective has the lowest magnification and the largest field of view.

What does the Medium Power objective do?

The Medium Power objective magnifies less than High Power but has a smaller field of view.

What does the High Power objective do?

The High Power objective magnifies the specimen 40x and has the smallest field of view.

What is the function of the revolving nosepiece?

The revolving nosepiece turns the objectives into place.

What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?

The stage is where you put the specimen.

What do stage clips do?

Stage clips hold the slide in place.

What is the diaphragm in a microscope?

The diaphragm adjusts the amount of light that passes through the specimen.

What is the coarse adjustment knob used for?

The coarse adjustment knob focuses the object using a big knob.

What is the fine adjustment knob used for?

The fine adjustment knob sharpens the image using a little knob.

Cell organelles

Tiny organ-like structures that perform the life functions of a cell.

Cell Membrane

Allows substances in and out of the cell.

Nucleus

Controls and coordinates all cell activities.

Chromosomes

Tells the cell its function and determines what you look like.

Ribosomes

Make proteins and are involved in protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Series of tubes that transport materials around the cell.

Rough ER

Type of ER that has ribosomes.

Smooth ER

Type of ER that has no ribosomes.

Golgi Bodies

Package various proteins and perform assimilation.

Mitochondria

Convert food into energy (ATP) and perform the life function of cellular respiration.

Cytoplasm

Fluid-like substance that protects organelles and performs transport, excretion, and regulation.

Cell Wall

Non-living structure that protects organelles, provides structure, and allows small molecules in and out; found only in plant cells.

Chloroplasts

Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis and perform synthesis; found only in plants.

Centrioles

Help animal cells with reproduction and pull chromosomes apart; found only in animal cells.

Plant Cells

Characterized by a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles.

Animal Cells

Characterized by centrioles and smaller vacuoles.

What is the Cell Theory?

The three laws that are the cell theory is that..

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells come from other cells

3. Cells are the structure and function of all living things