Tuberculosis Flashcards

Flashcards about Tuberculosis

What is TB?

A preventable and curable infectious disease caused by a species of the genus mycobacterium.

What does the Greek word 'Myco' mean?

Fungus or wax

List some characteristics of Mycobacterium

Need O2 to survive, rod-shaped, non-motile, AFB

Name the species in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

M.tuberculosis, M.bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canettii, M. caprae, M. pinnepedii, M. mungi

In 2021, what percentage of TB cases were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

97.2%

How do you get TB?

Inhale bacteria in respiratory droplets from an infectious person.

When bacteria reach the alveoli, what are the two things that can happen?

kills and eliminates bacteria OR macrophages wall off bacteria (granuloma)

True or False: All forms of TB are infectious

TB is infectious.

True or False: Everyone exposed to TB becomes unwell

False

True or False: There isn’t currently any TB in Wales

False

Who gets TB?

Close contacts of infectious cases, people with weakened immune systems, those with chronic poor health/nutrition/access to healthcare, people from/who live in/travel to/receive visitors from high incidence countries, those living in communities of people originating from high incidence countries.

What 8 countries accounted for more than two thirds of global TB cases in 2021?

India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo

What is the ideal scenario when someone is exposed to TB?

Ideal Scenario: Early identification, Early treatment, Good compliance, Cure. But If left untreated, a person with active pulmonary TB can infect up to 15 people per year

After being treated for how long is a person deemed non-infectious?

2 weeks

What is DRTB?

Resistance to one of the first-line drugs

What is MDRTB?

Resistance to at least 2 of the usual first-line drugs (INH and RMP)

What is XDRTB?

MDRTB plus resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides

What is TDR TB?

Totally drug-resistant TB

What are some differences between non-UK-born and UK-born populations with TB?

Non-UK-born population: homelessness, asylum seeker status and mental health needs more common than in UK-born population

What is the rate of TB in Wales in 2024?

Remaining a low incidence country according to WHO definition.

In Wales in 2024, most cases were born outside of the UK, and the majority of those came from where?

South Asian countries

In Wales in 2023, what percentage of drug sensitive cases have successfully completed treatment within 12 months?

89%

How can we control TB?

Early suspicion and detection of active TB, Early referral and treatment, Identification and treatment of TB infection (LTBI), Support with concordance can lead to cure, BCG has a limited role as efficacy is extremely variable

What can Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) do?

TB genomic typing

How can TB be treated?

Correct drugs for correct time.

What is the minimum length of time for tuberculosis treatment?

At least 6 months