Unit 4 Part 2: Freudian and Neo-Freudian Concepts

Repression

Defense mechanism to suppress unwanted thoughts.

Id

Primitive part of personality seeking immediate gratification.

Ego

Rational part mediating between id and reality.

Superego

Moral conscience guiding behavior and decisions.

Oedipus Complex

Child's desire for opposite-sex parent, rivalry with same-sex.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Focuses on unconscious motives and childhood experiences.

Psychodynamic Theory

Emphasizes psychological forces and social influences.

Projective Tests

Assess personality through ambiguous stimuli responses.

Rorschach Test

Inkblot test measuring personality and emotional functioning.

Self-Actualization

Realizing personal potential and seeking personal growth.

Barnum Effect

Tendency to accept vague personality descriptions as accurate.

Big Five Personality Factors

Model including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

Spotlight Effect

Overestimating others' attention to our behavior.

Self-Esteem

One's overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Narcissism

Excessive self-focus and self-importance.

Self-Serving Bias

Attributing successes to oneself and failures to external factors.

Collective Cultures

Emphasize group goals over individual goals.

Individualistic Cultures

Prioritize personal autonomy and individual achievements.

Alfred Adler

Neo-Freudian emphasizing social interest and inferiority complex.

Karen Horney

Neo-Freudian focusing on social and cultural factors.

Carl Jung

Neo-Freudian known for concepts of collective unconscious.

Social-Cognitive Perspective

Focuses on learning through observation and social interaction.

Factor Analysis

Statistical method to identify underlying relationships among variables.

Humanistic Approach strengths/weaknesses

Strengths: Emphasizes positive growth; Values subjective experience

Limitations: Lacks scientific rigor; Overly optimistic

Trait Theory strengths/weaknesses

Strengths: Predictive; Measurable

Limitations: Descriptive, not explanatory; Context-neglecting

Albert Bandura

Psychologist known for social learning and reciprocal determinism.

Hans & Sybil Eysenck

Developed personality theory based on dimensions of traits.

reciprocal determinism

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

psychoanalytic theory strength/weakness

Strengths: Emphasis on unconscious; Developmental focus

Limitations: Lack of testability; Overemphasis on sexuality

sociocultural perspective strength/weakness

Strengths: Contextual relevance; Cultural sensitivity

Limitations: Overemphasis on environment; Generalizability issues

social cognitive perspective

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context.

positive v negative self concept

positive self-concept involves viewing oneself favorably, while a negative self-concept entails holding unfavorable beliefs about oneself, impacting self-esteem, behavior, and relationships

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's pyramid of human needs; must satisfy levels below before reaching to next; can go up and down pyramid stages

-- physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

Carl Rogers' 3 conditions for ideal growth

unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence

defense mechanisms

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

maslow pyramid: self transcedence needs

need to find meaning and identity beyond the self

maslow pyramid: self actualization needs

needs to live up to our fullest and unique needs

maslow pyramid: esteem needs

need for self esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect for others

maslow pyramid: belongingness and love needs

need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and separation

maslow pyramid: safety needs

need to feel that world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable

repression versions: regression

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

repression versions: reaction formation

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

repression versions: projection

attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else.

repression versions: rationalization

offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening reasons for one's actions.

repression versions: displacement

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable target

repression versions: sublimation

transforming unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions or behaviors.

repression versions: denial

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities or truths.

OCEAN: openness

low: practical, prefers routine, conforming; high: imaginative, prefers variety, independent

OCEAN: conscientiousness

low: disorganized, careless, impulsive; high: organized, careful, disciplined

OCEAN: extraversion

low: reitring, sober, reserved; high: sociable, fun loving, affectionate

OCEAN: agreeableness

low: ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative; high: trusting, empathetic, helpful

OCEAN: neuroticism

low: calm, secure, self satisfied; high: anxious, insecure, self pitying