Human Behaviour week 9 #1 Physical Development: From conception to end of life (Duration: 28:00)

Flashcards on Developmental Psychology - Physical Development Across the Lifespan.

Developmental Psychology

The study of how humans develop and change over time, from conception to death, focusing on how individuals feel, think, and act at different ages.

Nature

The influence of genes on development.

Nurture

The influence of the environment on development.

Prenatal Period/Perinatal Period

The period starting with conception, where the fertilization of the egg occurs.

Zygote

The cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg, containing the necessary genetic information to develop into a human being.

Germinal Stage

A stage lasting approximately two weeks after conception, where the zygote divides and differentiates into three layers.

Ectoderm

Upper layer of the blastocyst, developing into skin, sensory organs, and the nervous system.

Endoderm

Lower layer, forms organs like the digestive system, the liver, and the respiratory system

Mesoderm

Middle layer, later becomes the dermis, the muscles, the skeleton, and the excretory systems.

Placenta

Facilitates the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother and the embryo.

Umbilical Cord

Connects the embryo to the placenta, providing nutrients and removing waste.

Implantation

Occurs when the blastocyst embeds into the uterine wall, marking the beginning of prenatal development.

Cephalic Pattern

Growth from head to tail during the embryonic stage.

Proximal-Distal Pattern

Growth from the center out during the embryonic stage.

Amniotic Sac

Shields the embryo from shocks and maintains a stable environment throughout prenatal development.

Fetal Stage

The stage from the ninth week until birth, characterized by finer feature development and rapid size increase.

Vernix

Protective substance that coats the skin, accompanied by fine hair.

15 Hours

Newborns sleep an average of this many hours daily.

Non-REM Sleep

Characterized by rhythmic breathing and minimal muscle movement, which supports infants' development during their extensive sleep cycles.

Reflexes

Automatic responses to stimuli that are crucial for survival and adaptation to the outside world.

Primitive Reflexes

Survival reflexes in infants.

Gross Motor Skills

Voluntary movements of the body involving large muscles.

Fine Motor Skills

Voluntary movements involving smaller muscles.

Malnutrition

Lack of proper nutrition, which can hinder physical and cognitive development.

Puberty

A series of physical changes that result in the completion of sexual development and signal that an adolescent has reached their reproductive maturity.

Androgens

Male sex hormones, with testosterone being the primary one.

Estrogen

Female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries.

Menarche

The first menstrual period, typically occurring around age 12.

Health-Seeking Behaviors (Diet)

Eating a diet low in cholesterol, fats, calories, and additives, and high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables.

Health-Seeking Behaviors (Exercise)

Regular exercise at about 70 to 85% of the maximum heart rate for at least 20 to 30 minutes, three times per week.

Stress

The response of the mind and body to challenges presented by life experiences or stressors.

Health-Compromising Behaviors

Compromising behaviors that put individuals at increased risk of ill health.

Ageism

The discrimination against people because they are old.