Distant: The Amazon rainforest 單詞卡 | Quizlet

19,368 km2

What was the annual deforestation rate between 2000 and 2007?

75%

What percent of Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions is attributed to deforestation and land use change?

Reduces humidifier retention, porosity of soil, sudden evaporation, increased albedo

What does forest removal by "Slash and Burn" cause?

11%

What percent more solar radiation do forests absorb than the land it is replaced with?

24.1 degrees celcius

The land forest is replaced with gas an average temperature of 33 degrees, what is the average for the forest?

8 degrees

The daily temperature variation of the Amazon at 20cm is 2.8 degrees, on the pasture land it is replaced with what is the temperature variation?

2-3 degrees

What is the projected temperature increase in the Amazon by 2050?

3.6 million hectares

What was the net loss of Amazonian basin forests, between 2000-2010

20-40 %

In 2009, a study concluded that a 2 degrees temperature increase would see what percentage of the Amazon die off?

75%

A 3 degrees temperature rise would see what percentage of the Amazon forest die?

85%

A 4 degrees temperature rise would see what percentage of the Amazon forest die?

4-9 kg

Amazonian soil contains a lot more carbon in the upper layer than pasture lands it is replaced with, so How much carbon does Amazonian contain?

30-60% carbon lost, vegetation decays, fungi and bacteria used to recycle dead stuff dies off

What is the affect on soil when forests are cleared and burned ?

Reduction in river discharge, flash flooding

Give two effects of changes in total precipitation, extreme rainfall events and seasonality?

Temperature dependent species die, changing river biodiversity, reduction in oxygen concentrations in water

Give 3 effects of a warming water temperature?

20%

What percentage of all the carbon in the earths biomass does the Amazon contain ?

300 billion

How many trees in the amazon?

15,000

How many different species of tree in the Amazon?

5.5 million km2

How many km2 does the Amazon rainforest cover?

80-120 billion

How many tonnes of carbon is stored in the Amazon?

It's capacity to net absorb CO2 from atmosphere

What was discovered in 2015 that they the amazon is rapidly losing?

Absorption overtaken by emissions

From a peak of 2 billion CO2 tonnes per year in 1990s, the net uptake by the forest has halved, and so what has now happened for the first time?

Trees live faster, die younger

What is the effect of an increase in atmospheric CO2, and subsequently a growth stimulation in trees?

175,000 m3/s

What is the average discharge of water into the Pacific Ocean by the Amazon each day?

15%

What percentage of daily freshwater entering the oceans does the Amazon contribute?

100m deep, 14km wide

The Rio Negro is a tributary of the Amazon and second largest river in the world in terms of flow- what are it's dimensions?

2,300mm

What is the average per annum rainfall across the Amazon basin?

Half

How much of the Amazon's rainfall is often intercepted by the forest canopy, and re-evaporated into the atmosphere?

Evapotranspiration

What is the process called when water is released into the atmosphere by the ground, rivers or trees and plants?

48%

Of the rainfall that is evapotranspired back into the atmosphere, what percent falls back down as rain?

30%

What percent of rainfall in Amazon actually reaches the sea? (The rest is caught up in a constant closed system loop)