A & P Test 2

pharyngeal cavity (3)

• nasopharynx

• oropharynx

• laryngopharynx

nasopharynx description

extends from soft palate to base of the skull

largest part of the pharyngeal cavity

oropharynx

oropharynx description

extends from hyoid area to the soft palate

laryngopharynx description

extends from laryngeal opening to the level of the hyoid bone

blue

nasopharynx

green

oropharynx

purple

laryngopharynx

oral cavity (5)

• anterior and posterior faucial pillars

• palatine tonsils

• velum/soft palate

• hard palate

• tongue

anterior faucial pillars

posterior faucial pillars

palatine tonsils

velum/soft palate

hard palate

how are cavities in nasal cavity separated

nasal septum

nasal septum parts (3)

• cartilage

• ethmoid

• vomer bones

how many cavities in the nasal cavity

two

roof of nasal cavity

cribiform plate of ethmoid (base of skull)

floor of nasal cavity

bones of hard palate (maxillary and palatine bones)

function of nasal conchae/turbinates

• heat

• humidify

• filter

cartilage

ethmoid bone

vomer bone

nasal conchae/turbinates

outer nose parts (3)

• septum

• naris/nostril

• ala

septum

ala

naris/nostril

sphenoid bone forms

roof of pharyngeal and nasal cavities

parts of sphenoid bone

• lateral pterygoid plates

• medial pterygoid plate

• hamulus of pterygoid

hamulus of pterygoid description

upper attachment for pterygomandibular ligament

hamulus of pterygoid function

pulley for a tendon that stretches soft palate

sphenoid bone

lateral pterygoid plates

medial pterygoid plates

hamulus of pterygoid

superior constrictor muscle origin

medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid

middle constrictor muscle origin

horns of hyoid bone

superior constrictor description

wraps around upper portion of pharynx

middle constrictor muscle description

wraps around middle portions of pharynx

inferior constrictor muscle origin

sides of thyroid cartilage

inferior constrictor muscle description

wraps around lower-mid portions of pharynx

insertion of all constrictor muscles of pharynx

raphe of posterior pharyngeal wall

contraction of all pharynx constrictor muscles

narrow/constrict the pharynx

superior constrictor muscle

middle constrictor muscle

inferior constrictor muscle

palatal levator description

between medial pterygoid place and palatine aponeurosis

palatal levator contraction

elevates velum and pulls it posteriorly

what muscle is a major part of velopharyngeal closure

palatal levator

palatal tensor description

starts at medial pterygoid plate

hooks around hamulus and flattens out to form palatine aponeurosis

palatal tensor contraction (1)

tenses velum and opens eustachian tube

glossopalatine description

between palatine aponeurosis and tongue

another name for glossopalatine

anterior faucial pillar

palatal tensor contraction

lowers the velum

pharyngopalatine description

palatine aponeurosis and pharyngeal wall

another name for pharyngopalatine

posterior faucial pillar

pharyngopalatine contraction

lowers the velum (opens velopharyngeal port)

palatal levator

palatal tensor

glossopalatine

pharyngopalatine

palatal levator

glossopalatine

pharyngopalatine

velopharyngeal closure involves contribution from what two things

velum and pharyngeal walls

True/False: pattern of closure is the same for everyone

false

sphincteric closure

idea that everything constricts inward

velopharyngeal port is _____

closed

for most phonemes air goes through

oral cavity ONLY

for most phonemes velopharyngeal port is

closed

for nasal sounds velopharyngeal port is _____ and oral cavity is _____

open

obstructed

for nasal sounds air is

directed through nasal cavity

air flow for nasal sound production

velopharyngeal incompetence

air and sound are directed through the oral and nasal cavity

sound energy is _______ anytime it travels through nasal cavity

damped/muffled

velopharyngeal incompetence makes it hard to

build intraoral pressure for production of pressure sounds

velopharyngeal incompetence

nasopharyngeal tonsil/adenoid _______ with age

diminishes

in childhood what do the nasopharyngeal tonsils do

help with velopharyngeal closure

nasopharyngeal tonsil

maxilla forms

upper jaw and most of hard palate

hard palate is comprised of (2)

• two palatine processes of maxilla (left and right)

• two horizontal processes of palatine bone

alveolar process of maxilla contains

tooth sockets for upper teeth

maxilla

mandible parts

• ramus

• body

• alveolar

ramus description

vertical portion

condylar process attachment

attaches jaw to skull at TMJ

coronoid process attachment

attachment for muscles that raise jaw

mandible body description

horizontal portion

mandible body contains

teeth sockets

mandible body is the

skeletal framework for floor of mouth

alveolar process contains

sockets for lower teeth

ramus

condylar process

coronoid process

mandible body

alveolar process

what makes up portions of the brain case

• frontal

• parietal

• temporal

• occipital

styloid and mastoid processes are

attachment point for muscles (ie sternocleidomastoid and syloglossus)