APUSH Period 1 + 2 Terms

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Joint-stock company

A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders.

mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and maintaining a favorable balance of trade.

'Columbian Exchange'

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Encomienda

A system that allowed Spanish colonists to demand labor from indigenous people in exchange for protection and Christian teaching.

Pueblo Revolt

A successful uprising of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers in present-day New Mexico in 1680.

Huron

A group of Native American tribes in North America, known for their involvement in the fur trade.

metis

People of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in Canada.

New France

The French colonial territory in North America, which included parts of Canada and the United States.

New Amsterdam

A 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland, now known as New York City.

Richard Hakluyt

An English writer and promoter of overseas exploration, known for his works advocating for the establishment of colonies.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607.

Powhatan Confederacy

A group of Native American tribes in Virginia that interacted with the Jamestown settlers.

House of Burgesses

The first legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia in 1619.

Act of Toleration

A law passed in Maryland in 1649 that granted religious freedom to all Christians.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement made by the Pilgrims in 1620 to establish a government and abide by its rules.

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for his vision of a 'city upon a hill'.

Rhode Island

A colony founded by dissenters from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for its religious tolerance.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who challenged the religious authorities in Massachusetts and was banished for her beliefs.

Fundamental Orders (1639)

The first written constitution in America, establishing a framework for government in Connecticut.

Pequot War

A conflict between the Pequot tribe and English settlers in New England during the 1630s.

Metacom's War

Also known as King Philip's War, a conflict between Native American inhabitants of New England and English colonists from 1675 to 1676.

Quakers

Members of the Religious Society of Friends, known for their pacifism and equality.

'Triangle Trade'

A historical trade route that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving the exchange of goods and enslaved people.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 rebellion in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government.

Halfway Covenant

A form of partial church membership created by New England Puritans in the 1660s.

Navigation Acts

A series of laws that restricted colonial trade to England and its colonies.

deism

A philosophical belief in a rational God who created the universe but does not intervene in human affairs.

Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the 18th century.

'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'

A famous sermon by Jonathan Edwards that emphasized the need for personal salvation.

salutary neglect

An unofficial British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws in the colonies.

Albany Plan

A proposal by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies.

French and Indian War

A conflict between Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763, part of the global Seven Years' War.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

The agreement that ended the French and Indian War, resulting in British dominance in North America.