(expand on empires mentioned, idk you’ve got it)

Trade and Exchange (how the states from unit 1 interacted)

Innovation expanded the scope of trade routes

Silk road-

Paper money- good within China, merchants could exchange money.

didn’t have to carry tons of coins, lighter cargo

Saharan road-

Land based trade routes trade was moer precious, because trading boat was easier to trade rather than on a camel for example.

indian ocean was a highway of trade

these trade routes already existed, and they began to expand during this time.

the trade of ideas and culture

rapid spread of islam along trade routes. dar-islam trade flourished along routes from people who were practicing same religion

muslim scholars preserved

States that promoted innovation and trade grew in importance

China understood that being along these trade routes was a source of power rather than insecurity.

diversity and new people moving in and out of countries wasnt scary anymore

Song china was actively promoting innovation

ex; ACTIVEly expanding universities with exams

by educating citizens, they build up leadership

more stable sources of food. more kids, led to a population boom

song dynasty was more welcoming to outside traders. for ex: were religiously tolerant to muslims

contrasted with medieval europe, who were keeping OUT jews and muslims, while the rest of the world is keeping them in

west africa-

mansa musa used his wealth to fund islamic universities

made connections across north africa to benefit mali

silk road- indian ocean

china

silk-saharan

islam

west africa-

mali

these states rose not because they themselves were strong, but specifically because they were placed near trade route

Monghols created the ultimate trading empire from 1200-1450.

monghols invent the cannon. conquer and create a huge land, then ruled mostly with tolerance. got there brutally, and ruled peacefully

paxmongolica- time of peace under monghol empire

religion is a single most powerful unifier between empires within this time.

monghols were quite religiously tolerant. often adopted religions that the regions they conquered practiced’

cultural diffusion and technological exchange brought states of of the medieval era

ex; aztec and inca dont modernize due to distance away from …

monghols expand and bring black death with them.

crusades- attempt to reconquer the “HOLY land”. unsuccessful