Ch. 2

What is a Martyr?

Means witness In Greek .

What do Martyrs show us?

How to embody the virtue of fortitude and witness to our faith.

313 AD

Year Christianity became legal in the Roman Empire.

Roman Emperor Worship

Citizens expected to honor emperor as a god.

Christian Persecution

Refusal to worship false gods led to severe punishments.

Apologists

Writers defending Christianity against criticisms and heresies.

Doctors of the Church

Canonized Saints who defend Christian faith.

What color are Priests' Vestments?

Red worn for Martyrs; white otherwise.

What was Nero's Fire

-A fire swept through Rome and Nero blamed this on the Christians even though he caused it
-This caused intense persecution
-Was outlawed
-Paul was beheaded
-Peter was crucified upside down

What was the Roman religious and governmental policy in place?

Mandated the worship of many gods including the Roman Emperor who was the leader of the Empire.

Why did Romans consider the Christians as a threat to established order?

They blamed them for many things and were seen for causing punishments from the Roman gods.

How were Jews treated differently by the Romans than the Christians?

The Jews were given permission not to worship Roman gods, but Christians were not given the same right.

Why were Christians not given the same rights as Jews?

Many Christians were Gentiles, not Jews

What did Christianity offer to those who had lost faith?

Hope and the witness of those willing to die for their faith

What did Christianity promise?

Eternal life

What did Christianity emphasized?

Human dignity

Where did Christianity prosper?

In outlying areas of the Roman Empire that did not experience the same level of persecution or harassment as areas closer to the capital city of Rome.

Why did Domitian persecute and the outcome?

-The Christians failed to address him as "Master and god"
-Book of Revelation is written to seven local churches

Why did Trajan persecute and what was the outcome?

-Christians should not be driven out but if reported later convicted should be punished
-Any Christians who denounced their faith would be spared

What is a Lapsi?

Someone who denounced their faith

Why did Decius persecute and what was the outcome?

-Every Roman must have paper certificate evidence for publicly worshipping Roman gods.
-Anyone without certificate could be tortured and or killed.

Why did Diocletian/Galerius persecute and what was the outcome?

-Christians were not allowed to have property
-Christians were forced into hard labor

What is a first-class relic?

A physical bodily remain of a saint or blessed such as bones, blood, and hair

What is a second class relic?

A personal possession such as clothing, a devotional object, handwritten letter, or even furniture that belonged to a saint or blessed.

What is a third class relic?

An object that has touched a first class relic.

What percent is Catholic in Mexico today?

85%

What is one of the four cardinal virtues (along with temperance, justice, and prudence)?

Fortitude

What is the courage that Christians are called to embrace and rely on to evangelize and live their faith openly?

Fortitude

What did Tertullian say?

"The Blood of martyrs is the seed of Christians"

What did Martyrs provide?

By shedding their blood, it provided the witness others needed to spread Christianity

Who was Tertullian?

-Early Christian writer and theologian
-Converted to Christianity
-Fell under a sect of Montanism

What was Montanism

Believing the trinity was one person and if a human falls from grace, they can not be redeemed.

What did the Prophets believed in Montanism?

They believed they were possessed by God and were not messangers

What were 3 Factors that contributed to the spread of Christianity?

1. Settlement patterns
-Roman Empire shared Greek and Latin
-Pax Romana

How did a well-established road system help spread the Word of God?

Helped people move with peae and less threat.

What did the concept of love support?

The action was inspiring to others

What was Pax Romana?

A time of peace and prosperity during Roman history

How did Pax Romana help with Christian persucation?

less blamed on the Christians, so less death and torture

Who was St. Perpetua?

St. Perpetua was a young married woman in North Africa.

Who was St. Felicity?

St. Felicity was a slave of St. Perpetua.

Why were Sts. Perpetua and Felicity arrested?

They were arrested while in the catechumen process.

What significant event happened before Sts. Perpetua and Felicity were transferred to prison?

Both Saints were able to be baptized.

How did Sts. Perpetua and Felicity die?

They were both eventually killed by gladiators.

What happened to St. Felicity while in prison?

St. Felicity gave birth in prison.

What type of animals attacked Sts. Perpetua and Felicity?

They were attacked by wild animals.

Christianity grew steadily in _____ and____

numbers and influence

What is a Didache?

A catechetical document written in the late first century. The word means "teachings"

Who are apologists?

One who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something

Who was St. Ignatius of Antioch?

An Apostolic Father and bishop, he wrote about the importance of bishops in the early Church. He was martyred for his faith by being fed to the lions.

Who was St. Polycarp of Smyrna?

-Bishop of Smyrna who defended the Church against heresies in Asia Minor
-Arrested for renouncing the emperor and refusing to worship the emperor

Who was Justin Martyr?

One of the earliest Christian scholars, and the first well-known Christian apologist.
He lived and completed numerous writings in the 2nd century.

How did Sunday become the official day of rest for Christians?

Emperor Constantine made Sundays the Christian day of worship in honor of the resurrection of Christ.

What does the Liturgy of the Word have in it?

•Old Testament Readings
•Psalm was sung
•Epistle Readings
•No Gospel
•Brief Teaching from Celebrant
•Sign of the Peace

What does the Liturgy of the Eucharist have?

•Offering
•Eucharistic Prayer
•Distribution of Eucharist

Who was St. Irenaeus of Lyons?

He was an early theologian and apologist, and his writings were formative in the early development of Christian theology. Author of Against Heresies

What is Gnosticim?

A heresy held that knowledge would earn us salvation, and furthermore, this mysterious a knowledge could be known by only the favored few.

Who was St. Cyprian of Carthage?

Urged people not to renounce their faith - even if it cost them their lives

What is immersion?

under water

What is affusion?

pour water over the head

What is aspersion?

Sprinkling

What is the confession sacrament?

Reconciliation

What is the atonement for your sins?

Penance

Who emerged as bishop of Rome when the Church's structure became more formalized?

Peter

What power does the Pope have?

Has supreme, full, immediate, and universal power in the care of souls.

What is another name for the Pope?

The Holy See

What are the presbyters now called?

Called priests and share in the mission of the bishops but do not have their authority and are not considered successors to the Apostles.