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All possible MCQ topics for the final
Encomienda System
A labor system established by the Spain in the Americans that granted colonist authority over Natives in exchange for converting them to Christianity. It often led to exploitation and forced labor
How did the spanish interact with the Natives?
They aimed to convert them to Christianity through missions, while exploiting their labor.
Why was the cultivation of maize important?
Maise cultivation supported population growth and the development of advanced Native American societies by providing a stable and abundant food source.
How did Natives adapt to the climate of the Great Basin and western great plains.
They developed nomadic lifestyles and relied on hunting (bison) and gathering due to lack of fertile soil
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of goods, ideas, diseases. amd people between Africa, Europe, and the Americas after columbous voyages.
How did the english colonies come into conflict with native americans
The english often took land for settlements and agriculture, leading to disputes and violence as they sought to expand their territories.
What were the goals of the spanish?
To convert native americans to Christianity and extract wealth
What were the goals of the french?
To trade furs and build alliances with natives
What were the goals of the British
To establish permanent settlements for economic profit and religious freedom
Colonization goals of the dutch?
to focus on trade
How did new england settlements differ from the Chesapeke region?
New england focus on religious communites while chesapeke focused on profit and tobacco famring
what were the main sucesses of jamestown
tobacco cultivation and becomming the first permanent english settlement
what were the main failures of jamestown
high death rates, poor relations with natives
Mercantilism
an economic system where colonies provide raw materials to benifit the mother country
Trans Atlantic slave trade
forced transport of africans to work as slaves in the americas
Difference between indentured servitude and slavery
indentured servitude was temproary, slavery was lifelong and hereditary
Main goal of puritains
to purify and reform the church of england
Main goal of pilgrims
to separate entirely from the church of england
King Phillips war ( metacom’s war)
native american resistance to english expansion
Pueblo revolt
native uprising against spanish rule in new mexico
What were federalist belifs?
They supported strong central government and the constitution
Anti federalist belifs
Favored states rights and opposed a strong central government
Significance of the first great awakening
increased religious diversity and emotional religious expression
Cause of the French and Indian War (seven years war)
Competition between Britain and France over land in the ohio river valley
Consequences of french and indian war
Britain gained territory but incurred massive debt, led to increased taxation of the colonies
How did british policies after the French and Indian war anger colonist?
Taxes like the Stamp Act and laws like proclamation of 1763 restricted colonial freedoms
How did enlightenment ideas influence American political thinkers
concepts like natural rights and government by consent shaped the declaration of independence and revolutionary thought
Why was common sense by Thomas Paine important?
It persuaded many colonist to support independence from britain.
What were the weaknesses of the articles of Confederation?
it created weak central government with no power to tax or regulate trade
Shays rebellion cause
economic hardship and unfair taxes in farmers in massachusetts
Purpose of northwest ordinance
to establish a system for admitting new states and banning slavery in the Northwest territory
What warnings did washington give in his farewell address
Avoid political parties and stay out of foreign alliances
Hamiltons economic plan key parts
establish a national bank, assume states debts, and promote manufacturing
Why did jefferson oppose hamilton’s economic plan?
he believed it gave too much power to the federal government and favored wealthy elites
What was the goal of the constitutional convention
to revise the articles of confederation and create a stronger federal government
What were the federalist papers?
essays written to support the ratification of the constitution
Alien and sedation acts
laws that restricted speech critical of the government and targeted immigrants.
What were the virginia and kentucky resolutions
responses to the alien and sedation acts, asserting states could nullify unconstitutional laws.
How did conflicts between britain and france affect the american politics?
They divided americans into pro british federalist and pro french democratic republicans
Why did immigration increase between 1820-1860
Economic opportunities and political instability in europe drove many to the united states
Where did most immigrants settle in the u.s.s during this period?
In northern cities and western territories where jobs and land were available
Henry clays american system
A plan to strengthen the economy through a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements
Why did nativism increase during this period
fear of cultural differences and job competition from immigrants
Seneca falls convention
a meeting in 1848 that launched womens rights movement and demanded equality including suffrage
lowell factory girls
young women who worked in textile mills and became an early example of industrial labor in america
second great awakening
personal salvation and inspired social reform movements
william lloyd garrison
an abolitionist who published the liberator and demanded immediate emancipation of enslaved people
second party system
a political system dominated by the democrats and WHIGS with debates over federal power and economic policy
What policies is Andrew Jackson known for
indian removal, veto of the second B.O.U.S. the nullification crisis, expanding suffrage for white men
nullification crisis
a conflict over tariffs where south carolina attempted to nullify federal law
Effects of manifest destiny
increased territorial expansion and heightened sectional tensions over slavery
Significance of the seneca falls declaration
it called for equal rights for women including suffrage
Key political debates over new territories
wether new territories would allow slavery or remain free
Cause of Mexican American War
disputes over Texas and the desire for the U.S. expansion into Mexican territory
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
In ended the Mexican American war and gave the U.S. the mexican cession, including california and the wouthwest
Significance of the Kansas nebraska act
Allowed territories to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty, leading to violence in kansas
Jayhawkers and Border Ruffians
Jayhawkers opposed slavery in kansas, border ruffians supported it and tried to influence elections
Impact of Dredd Scott v. Sandford
The supreme court ruled that African americans were not citizens and that congress could not ban slavery in the territories
John Brown and what he do
abolitionist who led violent attacks in Kansas and a raid on Harpers Ferry to incite a slave revolt
Compromise of 1850
admitted California as a free state, stricter fugitive slave laws, allowed popular sovereignty in other territories
Key turning points of the Civil war
battles like gettys burg and vicksburg, and events like the emancipation proclamation and shermans march to the sea
Significance of battle of Gettysburg
turning point where the union stopped a major confederate invasion
Why was emancipation proclamation important
declared freedom for enslaved people in confederate states and shifted the wars focus to ending slavery
Appomattox Court House
General Lee surrendered to General Grant, effectively ending the civil war
March to the Sea (Shermans savannah campaign
a union military campaign that devastated souther infrastructure and morale
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