Parts of the Brain video

Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Left Cerebral Hemisphere

Frontal Lobe- working memory and behavioral traits

What is Phrenology and who is an example?

The detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as an indication of character and mental abilities; Franz Joseph Gall

What makes the bodies big decisions? ai. command center

Central Nervous System

What are non-neutron cells that assist neutrons?

Neuroglia

What Part of the Body has sensory neurons that gather information and report it back to the body

Peripheral Nervous System

Who got a pole through their head and paved the way for connections between behavior and the brain?

Phineas Gage

Why is the 10% theory wrong?

Every region of the brain lights up during simple tasks like walking and talking.

What percentage of the body’s energy does the brain need?

20%

New Brain systems built upon old brain systems

Differences in minds of different animals.

What is the most basic part of our brain called and what is it anchored by?

“Old Brain”; Brain stem

The most ancient and central core of the brain. Spinal cord enters the skull.

Brain Stem

What controls automatic body tasks that don’ t require conscious effort ex. beating of heart?

Medulla

What helps coordinate movement, arousal, other automatic functions ex. sleep, and relying information between cerebellum and cerebral cortex in the old brain?

Pons

What part of the old brain takes in sensory information ex. hearing?

Thalamus

Finger shaped nerve that’s essential for arousal

Reticular Formation

Responsible for non-verbal learning and memory, perception of time, voluntary movement, and modulating emotion

Cerebellum

What separates the old brain and the newer cerebral areas?

Limbic system

What is more complex and newer then the limbic system and the old brain?

Left and Right Hemispheres

Journalist and armchair phycologist use research showing the complexity of the brain to sell newspapers

Pop psychology

A thin layer of 20 billion interconnected neurons

Cerebral Cortex

Spiderweb of support that surrounds, insulates, and nourisihes the cerebral neurons.

Glial Cell

What are the four lobes of the Cerebral Cortex?

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

Especially prominent folds that separate cerebral Cortex lobes.

Fissures

Processes incoming sensations in the frontal lobe; behind motor cortex

Somatosensory Cortex

Deals with higher mental function such as thinking (interpreting and linking sensory information to memories)- more subtle in all lobes

Association Areas

Sensory to CNS

Afferent

CNS to Sensory

Efferent

Study of drugs and their effects

Pharmacology

chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system, that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate. can stimulate a response or block a response and thus can have excitatory or inhibitory effects.

AcH

#signals<--- neutron

Divergence

#signals recived by target

Convergence

Send electrical and chemical signals

Neutrons

Supports, protects, and repairs neutrons

Glia/neuroglia

Parts of Neutron

Learning to do things that we weren’t born with

Learning Circut

Part of the Brain that seeks rewards

Striatum

Orbitofrontal Cortex- understand complex behaviors

Prefrontal Cortex- complex decisions

Motor Cortex- directs movement

Broca’s area- coordination of speech

Occipital Lobe- visual

Parietal Lobe-information from senses

Temporal Lobe- memories, emotions, comprehension, recognition

Cingulate Cortex- emotions, emotional distress of pain

Meningeal Layers- envelop and protect the brain

Brain Stem- essential activities; heart rate and breathing

Midbrain- regulates movement and holds substantia nigral which helps regulate movement

Pons- Attention

Medulla Oblongata- breathing control centers

Limbic System- motivation, learning, memory, emotion

Entorhinal Cortex- funnel sensations into hippocampus for memory and have grid cells that help relate our location in space to the external environment

Amygdala- helps hippocampus create long term memories linked to emotion

Hippocampus- long term memory

Hypothalamus- link between CNS and endocrine system. Controls Pituitary Gland. helps to bridge brainstem subconscious signals to the cerebral cortex

Thalamus- relays information about senses to rest of the brain

Ventricles- four cavities in the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid to protect, nourish, and clean up the brain.

Pituitary Glad- produces and releases hormones to control various bodily functions and behaviors

Basal Ganglia- control voluntary movements, habitual behaviors, and emotion

Cerebellum- hones the most practiced talents and helps improve motor skills

Corpus Callosum- links the left and right hemisphere of cerebral cortex (superhighway)

Olfactory Bulb- processes sense of smell

Cranial Nerves- 12 nerves controlling muscles in the neck and head.