Health Promotion, Disease Prevention & Cultural Competence

Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO)

Healthy People 2030

Healthy people identifies public health priorities to help individuals, organizations, and communities across the united states improve health and well-being. Healthy people 2030, the initiative’s fifth iteration, builds on knowledge gained over the first 4 decades.

(health equity, heath literacy, well being)

How can I use healthy people 2030 in my work?

Healthy people addresses public health priorities by setting national objectives and tracking them over the decade.

Identify needs and priority populations

• Browse obj to learn about nationals goals to improve health

• see how national goals align with your priorities

• consider focusing on groups affected by health disparities

Use this information to make the case for your program, secure resources, and build partnerships

Set your own targets

• Find data

Health promotion

the behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase- well being and health potential

Health Protection

behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability

Health is measure globally by

Morbidity and mortality

Morbidity

how frequent the disease occurs

Mortality

Number of deaths from a disease

Wellness

an active state of being healthy; living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health

Illness

the response of a person to a disease

Acute illness

rapid onset of symptoms and lasts a short time

Chronic Illness

(one or more of the following characteristics)

a permanent change, causes, or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy & physiology, requires special patient education for rehab, requires a long period or care or support

Disease

medical term referring to pathologic changes in the structure or function of the body or mind

Illness behaviors

how people cope with altered functioning caused by the disease

Unique to the person and influence by age, biological sex, family values, economic status, culture, educational level, and mental status

Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4

Stage 1

experiencing symptoms

Stage 2

Assuming the sick role

Stage 3

assuming a dependent role

Stage 4

Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

Levels of prevention

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary

Primary

promoting health and preventing the development of disease process or injury

ex: brushing teeth, wearing seatbelt

Secondary

Screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment

ex: mammogram, identifying early, pap smear

Tertiary

Reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning

ex: cardiac rehab, physical therapy

Basic Human needs

Human dimensions

Physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spiritual

Self-concept

self-esteem & body image

Risk Factors for illness or injury

modifable vs non- modifable

modifiable

diet, smoking, environmental, health habits

non-modifiable

age, genetic factors

Health Belief Model

Health Promotion Model

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Basic needs: Physiological needs, Safety needs

Psychological needs: Belongingness and love needs, Esteem needs

Self- Fulfillment needs: self actualization

Holistic Health Model

Stages of Change

QSEN-Patient_Centered Care

Culture

a shared systems of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides social structure for daily living.

Cultural Influences on Health & Illness

• Physiological Variations

• Reactions to Pain

• Mental Health

• Biological Sex roles

• Language and Communication

• Orientation to Space and Time

• Food and Nutrition

• Family support

• Socioeconomic Factors

Physiologic variations

racial and ethnic groups may be more prone to certain disease or conditions

Reactions to pain

many of the expressions and behaviors exhibited by people in pain are culturally prescribed

Mental Health

a wide variety of norms and acceptable patterns of behavior for physiological well-being

Peoples values and beliefs about health, illness, and health care are influenced by cultural and ethnic groups

Natural (cold air, impurities in air/water/food) vs Unnatural illness (punishment for failing to follow God’s rules)

Folk/traditional healers (divine intervention; often more understanding of cultural practices) vs allopathic health care providers

Culturally Respectful Nursing Care- Elements of cultural Competence:

• Develop an awareness of one’s own “culture” to prevent from having undue influence

• demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the patients’s culture, health-related needs, and culturally specific meanings of health and illness

• Accept and respect cultural differences

• Do not assume the health care providers beliefs and values are the same as the patient

• Resist Judgmental attitudes such as “different is not as good”

• Being open to and comfortable with cultural encounters

• Accept responsibility for one’s own education in cultural competence

Health Disparities

health differences between groups of people

Health equity

the attainment of the highest level of health for all people

Social Determinants of Health

the conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning and quality of life outcomes and risks

Cultural Diversity

Coexistence of different ethnic, biological sex, racial and socioeconomic groups within one social unit

Cultural Respect

Enables nurses to deliver care that is respectful and responsive to health beliefs, practices, and linguistic needs of diverse patients.

Cultural Assessment

Enhance understanding of:

• Beliefs, values, traditions and practices of a culture

• culturally defined, health -related needs of individuals, families, and communities

• Culturally based belief systems of the etiology of illness and disease and those related to health and healing

• Attitudes toward seeking help from health care providers

Cultural Assessment

Culturally respectful nurse has the knowledge and skills to adapt nursing care to cultural similarities and differences

• accommodate cultural practices

• respect family roles

• avoid mandating change

• seek assistance