Unit 2.3 - Memory

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27 Terms

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Memory

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

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Recall

retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at an earlier time

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Recognition

Identifying items previously learned

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Relearning

Learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time

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Encoding

The process of getting information into the memory system

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Storage

The process of retaining information over time

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Retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage

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Implicit Memories (Nondeclarative)

Involves retention of learned skills and classically conditions associations independent of conscious recollection

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Where are implicit memories processed?

The cerebellum and basal ganglia

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What does implicit memories remember?

Space, time, and frequency

Motor and cognitive skills

Classical conditioning

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Explicit memories (declarative)

Involves the retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know

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Where are explicit memories processed?

In the hippocampus and frontal lobe

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Semantic Memory

Facts and general knowledge

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Episodic Memory

Personally experienced events

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Procedural Memory

How to do something

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Prospective Memory

Involves remembering to do something in the future

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Long-term potentiation

An increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation

The neural basis for learning and memory

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Working Memory

A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

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The Central Executive System

A core component of working memory, controls attention and coordinates the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad

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Phonological Loop

Handling auditory information

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Visuospatial Sketchpad

Processing visual and spatial information

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Effortful Processing

How we encode explicit memories, which requires attention and conscious effort

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Automatic Processing

How we encode implicit memories, which is the unconscious encoding of incidental informTion

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Levels of processing

Structural, Phonemic, and Semantic

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Structural

Look of a word

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Phonemic

Sound of a word

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Semantic

Meaning of a word