Language and Communication

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Sociology

6th

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30 Terms

1
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Communication
Methods humans use to exchange ideas, concepts, feelings, emotions, symbols, Etc.
Methods humans use to exchange ideas, concepts, feelings, emotions, symbols, Etc.
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Verbal Communication
Talking, Sounds, Singing. . .
Talking, Sounds, Singing. . .
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Written Communication
Social media, Postcards, Books, Notes, Emails. . .
Social media, Postcards, Books, Notes, Emails. . .
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Non-Verbal Communication

1. Gestures
2. Body Language
3. Eye Contact
4. Facial Expressions
5. Body Proximity
6. Smell
1. Gestures 2. Body Language 3. Eye Contact 4. Facial Expressions 5. Body Proximity 6. Smell
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Human Universal (HU)
Is found in EVERY human culture. (ex: Family, Spirituality. . .)
Is found in $$EVERY$$ human culture. (ex: Family, Spirituality. . .)
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Cultural Specific (CS)
Is found in ONLY ONE human culture. (ex: The American Flag. . .)
Is found in $$ONLY ONE$$ human culture. (ex: The American Flag. . .)
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Generalized Trait (GT)
Is found is SOME, but NOT ALL, human cultures. (ex: Has a Flag. . .)
Is found is $$SOME,$$ but $$NOT ALL$$, human cultures. (ex: Has a Flag. . .)
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Gestures
A movement of the hand, fingers, and arms to express an idea or opinion. (no HU, some CS, but mostly GT)
A movement of the hand, fingers, and arms to express an idea or opinion. (no HU, some CS, but mostly GT)
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Facial Expressions
The arrangement of the parts of the face to convey emotions.
The arrangement of the parts of the face to convey emotions.
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Which facial expressions did Charles Darwin think were universal
* Happiness
* Sadness
* Fear
* Disgust
* Anger
* Contempt
* Surprised
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Which one was removed from Charles Darwin’s list
Contempt
Contempt
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What did recent research say about Darwin's theory?
* @@**Happiness**@@ (the only HU facial expression)
* Sadness
* Fear
* Disgust
* Anger
* ~~Contempt~~
* Surprised
* @@**Happiness**@@ (the only HU facial expression) * Sadness * Fear * Disgust * Anger * ~~Contempt~~ * Surprised
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Which expressions did they identify as being key in East Asian cultures
* Pride
* Shame
* Guilt
* Pride * Shame * Guilt
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Eye Contact
When 2 people look directly into each other’s eyes when meeting/talking. (rules for eye contact are not HU)
When 2 people look directly into each other’s eyes when meeting/talking. (rules for eye contact are $$not$$ HU)
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Body Language
It is the use of the whole body or parts of the body to communicate emotions.

This includes:

* Arms
* Feet
* Legs
* Posture
It is the use of the whole body or parts of the body to communicate emotions. This includes: * Arms * Feet * Legs * Posture
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What percent of our daily communication is body language
more than 60% of our communication
more than 60% of our communication
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What is it called when someone mimics your body language
Mirroring
Mirroring
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Movement of the head
* Fast nodding means they want you to finish up/want a turn to speak
* Slow nodding means they are interested
* Sideways tilt shows interest/confusion
* Tilts head backward = sus of what you are saying
* Fast nodding means they want you to finish up/want a turn to speak * Slow nodding means they are interested * Sideways tilt shows interest/confusion * Tilts head backward = sus of what you are saying
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Direction of head
* Common affinity/interested
* Power
* Common affinity/interested * Power
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Direction of feet
point in the direction they want to go
point in the direction they want to go
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Subjects
The people being studied/tested
The people being studied/tested
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Raters
The ones who watch the subjects and determined the subjects’ rapport
The ones who watch the subjects and determined the subjects’ rapport
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Rapport
How well people get along
How well people get along
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The 5 ways the raters evaluated rapport
* Just Reading
* Just Hearing
* @@**Just Seeing**@@(Most effective when determining rapport)
* Seeing and Hearing
* Seeing and Reading
* Just Reading * Just Hearing * @@**Just Seeing**@@(Most effective when determining rapport) * Seeing and Hearing * Seeing and Reading
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How many subjects were in the

Nonverbal Experiment
120 college students
120 college students
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How many raters were in the

Nonverbal Experiment
115 college students
115 college students
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American Indians Eye Contact Rules
* direct eye contact when shaking hands


* look away during conversation
* direct eye contact when shaking hands * look away during conversation
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Western Europe Eye Contact Rules
eye contact is considered polite
eye contact is considered polite
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The Middle East Eye Contact Rules
* Only the briefest glance is allowed between men and women
* Eye contact between two people of the same sex is showing you are truthful
* Only the briefest glance is allowed between men and women * Eye contact between two people of the same sex is showing you are truthful
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Asia, Latin America, and Africa Eye Contact Rules
* Extended eye contact, is thought that you are showing disrespect or even challenging their authority


* Glances are more acceptable
* Extended eye contact, is thought that you are showing disrespect or even challenging their authority * Glances are more acceptable