Language and Communication

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Sociology

6th

30 Terms

1

Communication

Methods humans use to exchange ideas, concepts, feelings, emotions, symbols, Etc.

<p>Methods humans use to exchange ideas, concepts, feelings, emotions, symbols, Etc.</p>
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2

Verbal Communication

Talking, Sounds, Singing. . .

<p>Talking, Sounds, Singing. . .</p>
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3

Written Communication

Social media, Postcards, Books, Notes, Emails. . .

<p>Social media, Postcards, Books, Notes, Emails. . .</p>
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4

Non-Verbal Communication

  1. Gestures

  2. Body Language

  3. Eye Contact

  4. Facial Expressions

  5. Body Proximity

  6. Smell

<ol><li><p>Gestures</p></li><li><p>Body Language</p></li><li><p>Eye Contact</p></li><li><p>Facial Expressions</p></li><li><p>Body Proximity</p></li><li><p>Smell</p></li></ol>
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5

Human Universal (HU)

Is found in EVERY human culture. (ex: Family, Spirituality. . .)

<p>Is found in <mark data-color="yellow">EVERY</mark> human culture. (ex: Family, Spirituality. . .)</p>
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6

Cultural Specific (CS)

Is found in ONLY ONE human culture. (ex: The American Flag. . .)

<p>Is found in <mark data-color="yellow">ONLY ONE</mark> human culture. (ex: The American Flag. . .)</p>
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7

Generalized Trait (GT)

Is found is SOME, but NOT ALL, human cultures. (ex: Has a Flag. . .)

<p>Is found is <mark data-color="yellow">SOME,</mark> but <mark data-color="yellow">NOT ALL</mark>, human cultures. (ex: Has a Flag. . .)</p>
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8

Gestures

A movement of the hand, fingers, and arms to express an idea or opinion. (no HU, some CS, but mostly GT)

<p>A movement of the hand, fingers, and arms to express an idea or opinion. (no HU, some CS, but mostly GT)</p>
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9

Facial Expressions

The arrangement of the parts of the face to convey emotions.

<p>The arrangement of the parts of the face to convey emotions.</p>
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10

Which facial expressions did Charles Darwin think were universal

  • Happiness

  • Sadness

  • Fear

  • Disgust

  • Anger

  • Contempt

  • Surprised

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11

Which one was removed from Charles Darwin’s list

Contempt

<p>Contempt</p>
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12

What did recent research say about Darwin's theory?

  • Happiness (the only HU facial expression)

  • Sadness

  • Fear

  • Disgust

  • Anger

  • <del>Contempt</del>

  • Surprised

<ul><li><p><mark data-color="red"><strong>Happiness</strong></mark> (the only HU facial expression)</p></li><li><p>Sadness</p></li><li><p>Fear</p></li><li><p>Disgust</p></li><li><p>Anger</p></li><li><p><del>Contempt</del></p></li><li><p>Surprised</p></li></ul>
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13

Which expressions did they identify as being key in East Asian cultures

  • Pride

  • Shame

  • Guilt

<ul><li><p>Pride</p></li><li><p>Shame</p></li><li><p>Guilt</p></li></ul>
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14

Eye Contact

When 2 people look directly into each other’s eyes when meeting/talking. (rules for eye contact are not HU)

<p>When 2 people look directly into each other’s eyes when meeting/talking. (rules for eye contact are <mark data-color="yellow">not</mark> HU)</p>
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15

Body Language

It is the use of the whole body or parts of the body to communicate emotions.

This includes:

  • Arms

  • Feet

  • Legs

  • Posture

<p>It is the use of the whole body or parts of the body to communicate emotions.</p><p>This includes:</p><ul><li><p>Arms</p></li><li><p>Feet</p></li><li><p>Legs</p></li><li><p>Posture</p></li></ul>
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16

What percent of our daily communication is body language

more than 60% of our communication

<p>more than 60% of our communication</p>
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17

What is it called when someone mimics your body language

Mirroring

<p>Mirroring</p>
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18

Movement of the head

  • Fast nodding means they want you to finish up/want a turn to speak

  • Slow nodding means they are interested

  • Sideways tilt shows interest/confusion

  • Tilts head backward = sus of what you are saying

<ul><li><p>Fast nodding means they want you to finish up/want a turn to speak</p></li><li><p>Slow nodding means they are interested</p></li><li><p>Sideways tilt shows interest/confusion</p></li><li><p>Tilts head backward = sus of what you are saying</p></li></ul>
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19

Direction of head

  • Common affinity/interested

  • Power

<ul><li><p>Common affinity/interested</p></li><li><p>Power</p></li></ul>
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20

Direction of feet

point in the direction they want to go

<p>point in the direction they want to go</p>
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21

Subjects

The people being studied/tested

<p>The people being studied/tested</p>
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22

Raters

The ones who watch the subjects and determined the subjects’ rapport

<p>The ones who watch the subjects and determined the subjects’ rapport</p>
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23

Rapport

How well people get along

<p>How well people get along</p>
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24

The 5 ways the raters evaluated rapport

  • Just Reading

  • Just Hearing

  • Just Seeing(Most effective when determining rapport)

  • Seeing and Hearing

  • Seeing and Reading

<ul><li><p>Just Reading</p></li><li><p>Just Hearing</p></li><li><p><mark data-color="red"><strong>Just Seeing</strong></mark>(Most effective when determining rapport)</p></li><li><p>Seeing and Hearing</p></li><li><p>Seeing and Reading</p></li></ul>
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25

How many subjects were in the

Nonverbal Experiment

120 college students

<p>120 college students</p>
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26

How many raters were in the

Nonverbal Experiment

115 college students

<p>115 college students</p>
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27

American Indians Eye Contact Rules

  • direct eye contact when shaking hands

  • look away during conversation

<ul><li><p>direct eye contact when shaking hands</p></li><li><p>look away during conversation</p></li></ul>
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28

Western Europe Eye Contact Rules

eye contact is considered polite

<p>eye contact is considered polite</p>
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29

The Middle East Eye Contact Rules

  • Only the briefest glance is allowed between men and women

  • Eye contact between two people of the same sex is showing you are truthful

<ul><li><p>Only the briefest glance is allowed between men and women</p></li><li><p>Eye contact between two people of the same sex is showing you are truthful</p></li></ul>
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30

Asia, Latin America, and Africa Eye Contact Rules

  • Extended eye contact, is thought that you are showing disrespect or even challenging their authority

  • Glances are more acceptable

<ul><li><p>Extended eye contact, is thought that you are showing disrespect or even challenging their authority</p></li><li><p>Glances are more acceptable</p></li></ul>
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