Chapter 7 // Pt2: Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Summary -
Cell respiration: breaking down glucose to produce ATP
Aerobic - living with oxygen
Aerobic cell respiration
4 Stages:
Glycolysis
series of reactions that produce ATP by converting glucose to pyruvate
Happens in the cytoplasm
Happens twice at the same time
Glucose enters cell through transport protein - glucose to large to diffuse on own. ATP donates phosphate group to glucose
Another molecule of ATP donates a phosphate group too. Glucose + phosphate + phosphate
Splits into 2 molecules of PGAL. rest of glycolysis happens twice
PGAL donates H+ and electrons, makes NADH to be used later. Another phosphate group is added to PGAL
Phosphate group on PGAL is donated back to ADP
Second (the remaining) phosphate group is donated too. Left only with PGAL again
Donated phosphate group makes its way to another ADP to make ATP
PGAL - phosphate groups = pyruvate ; pyruvate is the final product
Pyuvate: used as a substrate for second stage of aerobic cell respiration
Acetyl CoA Formation
2 molecules of pyruvate enters mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl CoA formation:
Both pyruvates split into - CO₂ and Acetyl group. 
CO₂ leaves cell and then we exhale it. Acetyl group attaches to coenzyme A. Gives us two molecules of Acetyl CoA used in stage 3.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Acetyl coA reacts with oxaloacetate. Product is citrate
Electrons and H+ added to NAD+, product is NADH. loses some carbon as CO₂
Carbon atoms removed as CO₂. NADH forms again
ATP forms by phosphorylation
Electrons and H+ are removed from compound. Added to coenzyme called FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). Becomes FADH2
Third molecule of NADH made
Final product is oxaloacetate. Used to start reaction again (cyclic)
Citric acid cycle runs twice: 2 molecules of Acetyl CoA made, citric acid cycle runs twice during aerobic cell respiration. Carbon backbone of glucose completely broken apart by now 
Electron Transfer Phosphorylation
Similar to electron transfer phosphorylation in light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis
Starts along the mitochondrial membrane
NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons and H+. starts electron transfer chain
Energy from electron transfer chain moves H+ across membrane
H+ plus flows through ATP synthase making ATP
O₂ accepts electrons from transfer chain and other H+. creates H₂O
Chapter 7 // Pt2: Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Summary -
Cell respiration: breaking down glucose to produce ATP
Aerobic - living with oxygen
Aerobic cell respiration
4 Stages:
Glycolysis
series of reactions that produce ATP by converting glucose to pyruvate
Happens in the cytoplasm
Happens twice at the same time
Glucose enters cell through transport protein - glucose to large to diffuse on own. ATP donates phosphate group to glucose
Another molecule of ATP donates a phosphate group too. Glucose + phosphate + phosphate
Splits into 2 molecules of PGAL. rest of glycolysis happens twice
PGAL donates H+ and electrons, makes NADH to be used later. Another phosphate group is added to PGAL
Phosphate group on PGAL is donated back to ADP
Second (the remaining) phosphate group is donated too. Left only with PGAL again
Donated phosphate group makes its way to another ADP to make ATP
PGAL - phosphate groups = pyruvate ; pyruvate is the final product
Pyuvate: used as a substrate for second stage of aerobic cell respiration
Acetyl CoA Formation
2 molecules of pyruvate enters mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl CoA formation:
Both pyruvates split into - CO₂ and Acetyl group.
CO₂ leaves cell and then we exhale it. Acetyl group attaches to coenzyme A. Gives us two molecules of Acetyl CoA used in stage 3.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Acetyl coA reacts with oxaloacetate. Product is citrate
Electrons and H+ added to NAD+, product is NADH. loses some carbon as CO₂
Carbon atoms removed as CO₂. NADH forms again
ATP forms by phosphorylation
Electrons and H+ are removed from compound. Added to coenzyme called FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). Becomes FADH2
Third molecule of NADH made
Final product is oxaloacetate. Used to start reaction again (cyclic)
Citric acid cycle runs twice: 2 molecules of Acetyl CoA made, citric acid cycle runs twice during aerobic cell respiration. Carbon backbone of glucose completely broken apart by now
Electron Transfer Phosphorylation
Similar to electron transfer phosphorylation in light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis
Starts along the mitochondrial membrane
NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons and H+. starts electron transfer chain
Energy from electron transfer chain moves H+ across membrane
H+ plus flows through ATP synthase making ATP
O₂ accepts electrons from transfer chain and other H+. creates H₂O
