Chapter 9 Chemical Equations Test final draft

How can you tell if a reaction is a chemical reaction?

• light, heat, gas, water, or a solid is produced

What types of ions are present in solution but are not actually involved in a chemical reaction?

Spectator ions

What type of reaction occurs between ions present in aqueous solution?

An Ion exchange

In an aqueous solution, water is the…

Solvent

An acid plus a base equals..

Water

Ex: HCL + KOH→ H20

How can you use an activity series to determine whether a single replacement reaction will occur?

Any element in the activity series can replace the elements below them but not above them

What can an ion exchange produce?

A precipitate, a gas, or water

In the activity series only the ___ element can take the place of the ___ element.

More reactive

Less reactive

• elements can only replace elements less reactive than themselves

Coefficient

Multiplies what is after it

Synthesis reaction

creation, formation, production of something

• a chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to produce a single product

Combustion

When a substance combines with oxygen to form oxides of the original substance that release the energy in the form of heat and light

Precipitate

The solid that appears (emerges) out of solution

Solution

homogenous mixture

Solute

It dissolves in the solvent

• a mixture can have many solutes

Solvent

is what dissolves the solute

Aqueous solution

a homogenous mixture in which the solvent is water

Net ionic equation

the simplest representation of the reaction

• Ionic equations that include only particles that participate in the reaction

chemical reaction

the process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances

chemical equation

a statement that uses chemical formulas to show identities & relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction

Spectator ions

do not change in a chemical reaction, stay the same

• ions that do not participate in a reaction

reactants

the starting substances

Products

the substances formed during the reaction

analysis reaction

A single compound breaks down into two or more element or new compounds

Ion exchange

• involves an exchange of ions between two compounds.

Single replacement reaction

• A reaction in which atoms of one element replace atoms of another element in a compound

Complete ionic equation

An ionic equation that shows all the particles in a solution as they realistically exist

What is the format for a synthesis reaction?

A +X→ AX

What is the format for a combustion reaction?

AX + O2 → AO + XO

What is the format for an analysis reaction?

AX → A+ X

What is the format for single replacement reactions?

A + BX→ AX + B

What is the format for an Ion Exchange?

AX + BY → AY + BX

Short Answer: What is the principle/ rule you demonstrate/follow when you balance equations?

The Law of Conservation of Mass

• All chemical reactions obey the law that matter is neither created nor destroyed. Therefore, it is important that we balance equations to show the reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass.

Short Answer: What is the difference between balancing equations and balancing formulas?

When you are balancing equations you can not change the subscripts. You can only change the coefficients until the atoms of each reactant and product are equal on both sides of the arrow. You can not change the subscripts of a chemical formula when balancing equations because it will change the identity of the substance.

When you are balancing formulas, you can change the subscripts. The subscripts balance the charge ( the positive and negative charges). The charges have to be balanced for the formula to be right and exist

Compounds that produce hydrogen atoms in aqueous solutions are

Acids