Male and Female pelvis (week 3)

true pelvis

contains

• bladder

• distal ureters

• bowel

• female reproductive organs

linea terminalis is also called

pelvic brim

linear terminalis extends from the

sacral promontory to the pubic symphysis

true pelvis is inferior to

linear terminalis

false pelvis is superior to

linea terminalis

muscles of the false pelvis

psoas muscle and iliacus muscle

psoas muscle originates at

lateral spine (distal thoracic vertebrae and first 4 lumbar vertebrae)

iliacus muscle originates at

the superior iliac fossa and iliac crest

piriformis- origin

anterior surface of sacrum

piriformis -insertion

greater trochanter of femur

piriformis is posterior to

uterus, ovaries, vagina, and rectum

piriformis may be mistaken for the

ovaries

largest nerve in the body

sciatic nerve

sciatic nerve -origin

lower lumbar and upper sacral nerves

• most commonly runs underneath the piriformis muscle (variable)

piriformis vs ovaries

if the sonographer switches to a sagittal plane, the muscles will become a linear structure, but the ovaries will remain round

obturator internus -origin

originates anterior lateral margins of true pelvis

obturator internus -insertion

greater trochanter of femur

• lies posterior and medial to the iliopsoas muscle at level of vagina

levator ani

group of muscles that form the pelvic floor

• supports and postitions pelvis organs

levator ani muscles:

• puborectalis

• iliococcygeus

  • pubococcygeus

testicle

egg shaped organ within scrotum- produces sperm and male hormones

epididymis

duct posterior to testicle that transports sperm to vas deferens

vas deferens

transports sperm from epididymis to urethra

ejactulatory duct

formed where vas deferens meets seminal vesicle-pass through prostate and open into uretra

seminal vesicles

paired glands at posterior to bladder and superior to prostate

prostate

gland surrounding neck of urinary bladder and male urethra

bulbourethral glands

pea shaped glands inferior to prostate and just proximal to penile tissue

corpus cavernosum

tow masses of erectile tissue (anterior) forming most of the penis

corpus spongiosum

single smaller mass of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra (posterior)

ovaries

paired elliptical endocrine glands located lateral to the uterus

fallopian tubes

paired muscular tubes transport ova form surface of ovary to endometrial cavity

endometrium

mucus membrane lining the uterus

myometrium

middle layer of uterus comprised of smooth muscle

serosa/perimetrium

outer layer of uterus (part of peritoneum)

cervix

narrow lower end of uterus

internal Os

opening from uterus to cervix

external Os

opening form cervix to vagina

vagina

tube connecting cervix to

broad ligament

double fold of peritoneum covering fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and blood vessels- extends from lateral walls of uterus to sidewalls of pelvis

cardinal ligament

thickening at base of broad ligament attaches lateral cervix and vagina to pelvic wall

ovarian ligament

extends from cornua (uterine horns) to medial aspect of ovary rou

round ligament

arises from cornus anterior to fallopian tubes and extends to pelvic side walls

suspensory-infundibulopelvic ligament

extends from lateral ovary to pelvic sidewall

internal iliac arteries

branch of common iliac- posterior to uterus and ovaries

uterine artieries

branch of internal iliac arteries- supply vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

arcuate arties

branch of uterine arteries- prominent vessels in outer 1/3 of myometrium

ovarian arteries

branch off aorta just inferior to the renal artiers- supply ovaries

ovarian veins

right empties into IVC, left empties into left renal vein

rectouterine pouch AKA

pouch of douglas

pouch of douglas AKA

posterior cul de sac

posterior cul de sac AKA

rectouterine pouch

rectouterine pouch location

anterior to rectum and posterior to uterus- most inferior space in pelvic cavity

most likely site for fluid accumulation

posterior cul de sav

anterior cul de sac AKA

vesicouterine pouch

anterior cul de sac location

anterior to uterus, posterior to bladder

space of retzius AKA

retropubicspace OR prevesical space

space of retzius

anterior to bladder posterior to symphysis pubis