Medical Technology Licensure Examination Review - Bacteriology, Mycology, Virology, and Parasitology

These flashcards cover essential concepts and questions related to bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology as part of the Medical Technology Licensure Examination.

What is forward grouping in blood typing?

Detecting ABO grouping by using the cells (RBC) of the patient and anti sera with known antigens to determine blood type.

Which blood group is the most common?

O+ is the most common blood group because it is considered the ancestral form.

What does the genotype —/— represent in the Rh system?

It represents Rh null, indicating a person who shows no Rh antigen on their RBC membrane.

How are ABO and Rh testing different?

ABO reactions are primarily due to IgM and occur at room temperature; Rh antibodies are IgG and require a higher temperature for agglutination.

What occurs when forward and reverse typing do not match?

This is called an ABO discrepancy, which can pose a threat to patient safety.

Which antibody reacts best at pH 6.5?

Anti M antibody reacts best at pH 6.5.

What phenotype lacks GYPA?

U-phenotype lacks GYPA.

What is the most common antibody encountered in blood bank?

Anti-K is the most common immune red cell antibody.

What blood group is known as the lucky 13th blood group system?

Scianna is known as ISBT 13.

What type of inheritance describes the expression of most blood group antigens?

Codominant inheritance describes the expression of blood group antigens.

What blood type cannot be produced by an AO and BO mating?

All blood types (A, B, AB, and O) are possible from an AO and BO mating.

What is an unacceptable hemoglobin level for blood donation?

A hemoglobin level below 14.5 g/dl is unacceptable for donation.

What should be done if a donor experiences difficulty breathing during blood donation?

Stop the bleeding and reassure the donor.

Why might a recent traveler from Palawan be deferred from donating blood?

They may have been bitten by a malaria-carrying mosquito.

What are valid reasons for permanent deferral from blood donation?

History of drug use, hemophilia, and present infection of an STI.

What should be done first for pretransfusion testing?

Check the records for prior type and screen results on the patient.

What should be done if a blood unit is returned after being released from the blood bank?

Dispose of the unit properly if it's been over 30 minutes since release.

What type of donation involves a patient donating blood for their own future use?

Autologous donation is when patients donate blood for their own use.

At what temperature should Whole Blood (FWB) be stored?

FWB should be stored at 1-6 degrees Celsius.

What is the shelf life of ACD-A and CPD in terms of storage?

ACD-A has a storage time of 25 days, while CPD has a storage time of 21 days.

What procedure is followed when preparing platelet concentrate?

Light spin is followed by a heavy spin during centrifugation.

What is an aliquot transfused for?

Aliquots are used to transfuse infants and individuals with heart problems.

What does a shift to the left in RBC storage indicate?

It indicates increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity due to decreased 2,3-DPG.

When does a mixed-field reaction in a weak D test suggest a problem?

It suggests a large fetomaternal hemorrhage.

What is the minimum interval allowed between plateletpheresis procedures?

The minimum interval is 2 days.

What is the most appropriate blood component for a patient with febrile transfusion reactions?

Leukocyte reduced red cells are the best component.

What approach should be taken when separating FFP from a blood bag?

Get a satellite bag, connect it using weld, and prepare plasma for heavy spin centrifugation.

How much fluid should be added for a 50-cc aliquot of PRBC?

10 mL should be added for a 50-cc aliquot.

What indicates a transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

High levels of natriuretic peptides such as BNP or NT-pro-BNP.

What is the first marker appearing in acute hepatitis B virus infection?

HBsAg is the first serologic marker in acute hepatitis B.

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

Only IgG can cross the placenta.

What type of immunity does injection of attenuated antigen lead to?

Injection of attenuated antigen leads to active immunity.

What characterizes the innate immune response?

Innate immunity includes phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells.

What is the primary mediator of cell-mediated immunity?

T helper cells are the primary mediators of CMI.

What marker is common in both classic and alternative complement pathways?

C3 is found in both the classic and alternative pathways.

What diagnosis is likely if there is a presence of IgM antibody to Osp C?

The patient most likely has Lyme disease.

What is the serological test used for syphilis diagnosis?

The FTA-ABS test is used as a confirmatory test for syphilis.

What type of hypersensitivity involves antibody-antigen complex precipitation?

Type 3 hypersensitivity involves antibody-antigen complexes.

What is detected by the latex particle agglutination test for Cryptococcus neoformans?

The latex particle agglutination test detects glucoronoxylmannan (GXM) from Cryptococcus neoformans.