Physics

What is density?

Density is the amount of mass per unit volume

What is mass?

Mass is the amount of matter in an object

What is mass measured in?

Kg or g

What is density measured in?

Kg/m3 or g/cm3

What is the equation for density?

mass(kg) / volume(M3) =density(kg/m3)

What is the equation for volume?

LxWxH= volume

What is the equation for volume based on the mass and density?

Mass(kg) % density(kg/m3) = volume(m3)

What is the equation for mass?

Volume(m3) x density(kg/m3) = mass(kg)

What is volume?

Volume is the amount of space something takes up

What is volume measured in?

M3 or cm3

To get m3 to cm3 you:

X1,000,000

To get cm3 to m3 you:

%1,000,000

To get kg to g you:

X1000

To get g to kg you:

%1000

What is archimedes principle

The amount of water lost when an item is placed inside, is equal to the volume of the item

If the volume is the same, is the density?

No, the particles in one may be slightly closer packed causing a higher density

Low density items

Float

High density items

Sink

When did archimedes discover his principle

In the bath

To find the volume of an irregular shape what do you put the object in

A eureka can

Density of water

1g/cm3

Less than 1g/cm3

Float

Greater than 1g/cm3

Sink

Density required practical

Find the density of regular and irregular objects

Which state has the least energy

Solid

Which state has the most energy

Gas

Which state is denser, solids or gasses

Solids- because the particles are closer together

Do solids flow

No

What is a solids shape

Fixed

What is a solids volume

Fixed

What is a solids density

Much higher than a gas

Does a liquid flow

Yes

What is a liquids shape

Fits the container

What is a liquids volume

Fixed

What is a liquids density

Much higher than a gas

Does a gas flow

Yes

What’s a gasses shape

Fills the container

What’s a gasses volume

Can be changed

What’s a gasses density

Less than a solid or liquid

Which states can’t be compressed

Solids and liquids because the part are touching

Solid to gas

Sublimation

Gas to solid

Deposition

Solid to liquid

Melting

Liquid to solid

Boiling

Liquid to gas

Boiling

Gas to liquid

Condensation

What happens to the mass when the state is changed

The mass is always conserved

How do you know if a substance is pure

The lines are straight

What is evaporation

Can happen at any temperature, only on the surface

What is boiling

Only at boiling point, bubbles in the liquid

What is internal energy

The energy of particles inside a substance

Particles Kinetic energy

How fast the particles are moving/going

Particles potential energy

Where the particles are in relation to each other

Internal energy sum

Potential energy x kinetic energy

Temperature increases =

Particles move faster, increased kinetic energy

What do the Forces in a solid do

They bond the particles together

What are the forces called

Forces of attraction

what happens when a solid is heated

The energy store increases= they vibrate more

which state has the lowest internal energy

Solid

What do the forces in a liquid do

Stop the particles from Moving away from each other completely at the surface.

What happens when a liquid is heated up

Some particles gain enough energy to break away from the other particles ( turn into gas )

Which state has medium internal energy and medium forces of attraction

Liquids

What do the forces do in a gas

They don’t exist

what causes pressure in a gas

Gas’s particles hitting the wall of the container

what happens when a gas is heated

it gains kinetic energy and the particles move faster, creating more pressure (more collisions)

what state has the highest internal energy

Gas

what is absolute 0

-273 0C

Kelvin (k)

A way of measuring- 0k= -273 oC and 0 oC = 273k

Particles in a solid

Vibrate

A is half the size of room B which will heat up quicker

A as it has less mass

C needs to be 20* D needs to be 30* which will heat up first and need more energy

C- finish first D-more energy

Specific heat capacity

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1oC

What is SHC simply

How hard it is to heat up a substance

Energy (change in thermal energy) calculation

🔺E(Energy)= m(mass) x c(specific heat capacity)x 🔺O(change in temperature)

Kj to j

X1000

Calculate mass (hard)

M=🔺E/ c x 🔺O

Calculate temperature change

🔺0= 🔺E/ m x c

What happens when is liquid is BOILING

The temperature stays the same

what happens when the when a liquid has been BOILED

The temperature increases

Why does the temperature not immediately increase

All the energy is being used to break the particles apart

Calculation for specific heat capacity

Shc=change in thermal energy/mass x change in temperature

Latent heat

The amount of energy to change from a solid to a liquid for 1kg of substance

Calculation for latent heat

Energy/mass

What is higher- energy to change state or increase temperature

Energy needed to change state is significantly higher

If the line Is straight

The substance is pure

Line going up

Heating up (shc)

Line straight

Changing state (Latent heat of fusion/evaporation)

What factors affect gas pressure

Temperature, volume and number of particles

If you increase the temperature

Increases the pressure

More particles in a fixed volume

Increases the pressure

Boyles law

At a fixed temperature p, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the amount of pressure exerted by the gas

Wha5 happens if you compress a gas slowly

The internal energy and temperature stays the same because the energy is transferred to the surroundings

What is even dense elf the random movement of gas particles

Unpredictable movement of smoke particles

What is the pressure of a gas

The total force exerted on a unit area of the surface