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What is density?
Density is the amount of mass per unit volume
What is mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object
What is mass measured in?
Kg or g
What is density measured in?
Kg/m3 or g/cm3
What is the equation for density?
mass(kg) / volume(M3) =density(kg/m3)
What is the equation for volume?
LxWxH= volume
What is the equation for volume based on the mass and density?
Mass(kg) % density(kg/m3) = volume(m3)
What is the equation for mass?
Volume(m3) x density(kg/m3) = mass(kg)
What is volume?
Volume is the amount of space something takes up
What is volume measured in?
M3 or cm3
To get m3 to cm3 you:
X1,000,000
To get cm3 to m3 you:
%1,000,000
To get kg to g you:
X1000
To get g to kg you:
%1000
What is archimedes principle
The amount of water lost when an item is placed inside, is equal to the volume of the item
If the volume is the same, is the density?
No, the particles in one may be slightly closer packed causing a higher density
Low density items
Float
High density items
Sink
When did archimedes discover his principle
In the bath
To find the volume of an irregular shape what do you put the object in
A eureka can
Density of water
1g/cm3
Less than 1g/cm3
Float
Greater than 1g/cm3
Sink
Density required practical
Find the density of regular and irregular objects
Which state has the least energy
Solid
Which state has the most energy
Gas
Which state is denser, solids or gasses
Solids- because the particles are closer together
Do solids flow
No
What is a solids shape
Fixed
What is a solids volume
Fixed
What is a solids density
Much higher than a gas
Does a liquid flow
Yes
What is a liquids shape
Fits the container
What is a liquids volume
Fixed
What is a liquids density
Much higher than a gas
Does a gas flow
Yes
What’s a gasses shape
Fills the container
What’s a gasses volume
Can be changed
What’s a gasses density
Less than a solid or liquid
Which states can’t be compressed
Solids and liquids because the part are touching
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to solid
Deposition
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to solid
Boiling
Liquid to gas
Boiling
Gas to liquid
Condensation
What happens to the mass when the state is changed
The mass is always conserved
How do you know if a substance is pure
The lines are straight
What is evaporation
Can happen at any temperature, only on the surface
What is boiling
Only at boiling point, bubbles in the liquid
What is internal energy
The energy of particles inside a substance
Particles Kinetic energy
How fast the particles are moving/going
Particles potential energy
Where the particles are in relation to each other
Internal energy sum
Potential energy x kinetic energy
Temperature increases =
Particles move faster, increased kinetic energy
What do the Forces in a solid do
They bond the particles together
What are the forces called
Forces of attraction
what happens when a solid is heated
The energy store increases= they vibrate more
which state has the lowest internal energy
Solid
What do the forces in a liquid do
Stop the particles from Moving away from each other completely at the surface.
What happens when a liquid is heated up
Some particles gain enough energy to break away from the other particles ( turn into gas )
Which state has medium internal energy and medium forces of attraction
Liquids
What do the forces do in a gas
They don’t exist
what causes pressure in a gas
Gas’s particles hitting the wall of the container
what happens when a gas is heated
it gains kinetic energy and the particles move faster, creating more pressure (more collisions)
what state has the highest internal energy
Gas
what is absolute 0
-273 0C
Kelvin (k)
A way of measuring- 0k= -273 oC and 0 oC = 273k
Particles in a solid
Vibrate
A is half the size of room B which will heat up quicker
A as it has less mass
C needs to be 20* D needs to be 30* which will heat up first and need more energy
C- finish first D-more energy
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1oC
What is SHC simply
How hard it is to heat up a substance
Energy (change in thermal energy) calculation
🔺E(Energy)= m(mass) x c(specific heat capacity)x 🔺O(change in temperature)
Kj to j
X1000
Calculate mass
M=🔺E/ c x 🔺O
Calculate temperature change
🔺0= 🔺E/ m x c
Note
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