BJU World Studies Chapter 7

Iroquois

6 tribes of the eastern US woodlands (New York) that spoke a common language in the 15th century

Mayan

developed an accurate calendar, superior writing (compared to any other civilization in the New World), accomplished mathematicians and astronomers, built pyramids similar to the ones found in Egypt

Dead Reckoning

sailing technique using astrolabe, compass, maps and speed to chart course on an open ocean

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

financed the explorations of Christopher Columbus

Cape of Good Hope

located at the southern tip of Africa

Incan empire

South America along the Andes Mountains

Pueblos

Southwest North American Indians who lived in caves and/or small villages built of dried clay (adobe)

Plains Indians

North American Indians that migrated over grasslands of the Great Plains and lived in tepees. (Sioux, Cheyenne, Crow, Blackfeet and Comanche)

Mound Builders

Eastern North American Indians who built earthen mounds that served as grave sites, temples, effigy mounds.

Mayan empire location

Central America near Guatemala and the Yucatan Penisula

Aztec empire location

Central Mexico

Aztec capitol

Tenochtitlan (built on an island in the middle of a lake).

Aztec society characteristic

war and warriors

Quetzalcoatl

Aztec god who once lived and promised to return in the future. This belief made the Aztecs open to deception by the Spanish conquerors.

Aztec punishment for adultery

stoning

Incan Capitol

Cuzco

Venetians

among the first to use cannons aboard ships

Siam

ancient name for Thailand. Traded with Portuguese beginning in 16th century. Succesfully avoided European colonization

Bartolomeu Dias

Explored the new world for Portugal, First to find a route around Africa

Atahualpa

The last Inca ruler before the Spanish arrived

Lima, Peru

Built on the former Inca capitol of Cuzco

Motives for European exploration

Political, Social, Religious (Crusades), Economic

Portugal

First European nation to make contact with China

Diseases

killed many Indians - brought by European explorers

Roman Church

Protected the Indians against abuses by the Spanish explorers

Tobacco

Naturally grown crop in the New World. A more potent European variety was brought to New World that devastated soil nutrients.

Queen Elizabeth I

financed Sir Francis Drake's explorations for England - traveled around the world

Francis Xavier

Jesuit missionary to Japan

Ferdinand Magellan

Spanish explorer that named the Pacific Ocean in 1519. Killed in the Philippians. His crew continued onward to sail around the world.

Caravel

ship designed for efficient ocean travel

Hernando Cortez

Conquistador who defeated and colonized the Aztecs in 1519

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Incas in 1531

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer that was the first to find a trade route to India by rounding the tip of Africa and sailing up the east coast of Africa in 1497

Christopher Columbus

Portuguese explorer (funded by Spain) who sailed west in 1492 and discovered a new continent.

Bartolome' Las Casas

Catholic missionary to the Indians in Latin America

Astrolabe

Sailing instrument used to measure the angle between the sun or moon and the horizon

Mexico City, Mexico

Built on the former Aztec capitol of Tenochtitlan

Canton

Coastal Chinese city

Inca Empire

Suffered from plague six years BEFORE Pizarro and the Spanish conquistadors. No satisfactory source for the outbreak has been determined