Chapter 12- Services

Tertiary

In MDCs most people work in the __sector

Settlement

A group of buildings where people live, work, and obtain services

Proximity to markert

Determining factor for location in the service industry

The three types of services

Consumer, business, public

Consumer services

to provide services to individual consumers to those who will pay for them

business services

provides services to other businesses

the three types of business services

financial, professional, transportation

the four types of consumer services

retail, education, health, leisure & hospitality

trend of employment in the US

increase in tertiary, decrease in secondary

Public services

provide security and protection (most employed by government) ( fire and police departments)

Professional services

have seen the greatest increase in business services

The military

the most common public service job in ancient civilizations

Mesopotamia

Houses were arranged in rows, cemeteries were outside the walls

Athens

the most famous city-state of ancient greece (culture & art)

Rome

centers of trade; at least 250,000 people

Asia

the world’s largest cities in the middle ages were in…

the 2 primary types of clustered rural settlements

circular- homes are arranged in a circle around an open area and farmland surrounds the homes (von thunen rings)

linear- housing along a road or river and fields are farmed sort of at right angles to the road or river

A “common”

a peice of open land for public use, especially in a village or town

new england

often built clustered settlements around a common (homes, public buildings)

benefits for the english building around commons

* they often traveled in groups and were given land by the king
* they wanted to live close together to reinforce a common culture
* they clustered for defense purposes

\

dispersed rural settlements

were found inefficient bc farmers had to spend time traveling and they had to build more roads

mid-atlantic colonies

tended to form more dispersed settlements in part bc the people of this region were more heterogeneous

The pattern worldwide

small farms are vanishing. farms are now huge and as a result most people now live in cities

Louis Wirth

argued that urban residents have a different way of life than rural residents. said there are 3 main differences between cities and rural areas that produce different behaviors in citizens. (applies much more in LDC’S)

louis worth’s 3 differences

Large size- in a rural setting you know most of the people you deal with, in urban settings you are more contractual

high density- an urban area’s high density forces people to become highly specialized in order for so many people to function in little space

social heterogeneity- much more heterogeneous cultures in urban areas, but this makes people feel more lonely

Latin America

an exception to the idea that a high percentage of people in urban areas indicates that a country is a MDC

Moving into cities reflects an increase in ___ sector jobs

tertiary

have a higher percentage of urban residents, but ___ have more of the huge urban settlements

MDC’s ; LDC’s

people in LDC’s are moving into cities rapidly, but the NIR in the countryside is still very …

high ( for example africa)

The single most important factor in the profitability of a consumer service

location

central place theory

helps explain how the most profitable location can be identified

walter cristaller

created the central place theory

central place

a market center by people attracted from the surrounding area. the closer people live to the core, the more likely they are to use those services

the closer people live to the _____ the more likely consumers are to purchase services in other market areas

perimeterge

geographers use ___ on maps to illustrate market regions in the US

hexagons

to determine the size of a market geographers look at the ….

range and threshold

range

the maximum distance people will drive for a service

as a rule, people go to their nearest available service, so the circles that represent the markets are usually __ drawn

irregularly

threshold

the minimum number of people needed to support a servicem

most important concern when deciding where to locate inside a marketmi

minimize the distance to the service for the largest number of people

FIRE ( part of the business services )

finance, insurance, real estate