Pharmaceutical Care Notes on Common Conditions and Treatments

A compilation of key definitions and treatments for common allergic conditions, gastrointestinal issues, headaches, and more.

Allergic Rhinitis

An allergy caused by the nose and/or eyes being in contact with environmental allergens.

Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis

Clear rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, sneezing, nostrils and/or throat itching, ocular signs/symptoms.

Non-pharmacological Treatment for Pollen Allergies

Stay indoors during high pollen counts, avoid outdoor activities, and shower after outdoor exposure.

Intranasal Antihistamine

Used for patients with a blocked nose exhibiting less ocular symptoms.

Loratadine

An oral antihistamine used for mild allergic symptoms providing relief within 1-3 hours.

Pharmacological Treatment for Constipation

May include bulk-forming laxatives, osmotic laxatives, or stimulants combined with stool softeners.

Symptoms of Constipation

Infrequent stools, straining, abdominal discomfort, and potential blood in stools.

Loperamide Hydrochloride

An antidiarrheal medication used to reduce the frequency of loose bowel motions.

Definition of Tinea

A fungal skin infection caused by dermatophytes, presenting symptoms like itching and a red scaly rash.

Pharmacological Treatment for Tinea

Includes antifungal gel, shampoo, or nail polish depending on the location of the infection.

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux

Condition where food returns from the stomach to the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn.

Treatment for Heartburn

Includes dietary changes, antacids, and proton pump inhibitors for relief of symptoms.

Primary Headache

Headache not related to any underlying condition, includes tension headaches and cluster headaches.

Threadworm

A common intestinal parasite; treatment must include all household members to eradicate it effectively.

Self-care for Common Cold

Includes adequate hydration, rest, and avoiding dehydrating drinks.

Differences between Common Cold and Hay Fever

Colds are caused by viruses with symptoms like sore throat and cough, while hay fever is allergen-induced.

Non-Pharmacological Options for Headaches

Regular exercise, relaxation training, and avoiding alcohol for managing cluster headaches.

Pyrantel

An anthelmintic medication used to eliminate threadworm in affected individuals.

Ranitidine

An H2-antagonist used to treat symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.