Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses in Genetics

Monohybrid Cross

Predicts offspring probabilities for one trait.

Probability

Likelihood of an event occurring, not certainty.

Coin Toss Example

Demonstrates basic probability with heads outcomes.

Single Coin Probability

Probability of one head is 50%.

Two Coins Probability

Probability of two heads is 25%.

Sample Size Effect

Larger samples yield results closer to expected.

Dihybrid Cross

Examines inheritance of two traits simultaneously.

Mendel's Experiments

Crossed purebred plants to study trait inheritance.

Trait Inheritance Independence

One trait's alleles do not affect another's inheritance.

Alleles

Different forms of a gene affecting traits.

Dominant Trait

Trait expressed when at least one dominant allele present.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

Phenotypic Ratio

Ratio of observable traits in offspring.

Genotypic Ratio

Ratio of genetic makeup in offspring.