Higher Human Biology 2.3 - The Biology Of Controlling Fertility

Artificial Insemination

Insertion of sperm directly into female reproductive tract by means other than sexual intercourse

Continuous Fertility

Males secrete a steady level of testosterone and produce a steady quantity of sperm continuously after puberty

Contraception

The intentional prevention of pregnancy (conception) by natural or artificial methods

Cyclical Fertility

Women are only fertile for a few days each menstrual cycle

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

Medical procedure involving fertilisation of eggs by sperm in laboratory containers

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Injection of sperm directly into an egg during IVF

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

Genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation during fertility treatments

Semen

Also called seminal fluid; fluid that contains sperm cells

Fertility

The ability to conceive and produce offspring

Infertility

The inability to conceive a child

Fertility Treatments

Include artificial insemination, ICSI and IVF

Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

Used to identify single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities​ during IVF

Physical Methods Of Contraception

Include condoms, diaphragm, coil (IUD) and sterilisation

Chemical Methods Of Contraception

Include the pill, mini-pill, implant and morning after pill